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Sam Brandt

@sambrandtmeteo

Meteorologist - BS 2022, MS 2024, currently pursuing PhD at Penn State University

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Latest posts by Sam Brandt @sambrandtmeteo

Rainbow arching over a tree

Rainbow arching over a tree

Rainbow in Ramblewood this evening

18.05.2025 00:22 πŸ‘ 7 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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For the second time in under a year, I saw a supercell and the aurora within the same day. October 6th, 2024 (left) and May 16th, 2025 (right)

17.05.2025 04:35 πŸ‘ 12 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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The beauty of central Pennsylvania's ridges and valleys

13.05.2025 20:05 πŸ‘ 5 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
A field of grass and dandelions under a blue sky

A field of grass and dandelions under a blue sky

A sailboat and goose floating on a lake

A sailboat and goose floating on a lake

Photos from my walk today at Lake Perez

18.04.2025 02:14 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Trump seeks to end climate research at premier U.S. climate agency White House aims to end NOAA’s research office; NASA also targeted

Strange to only mention climate in the headline, but this would also effectively kill R&D at NOAA. Do you enjoy America’s status as a top player in numerical weather prediction that provides its world-class data for free? Under this proposal, we would fall behind the world in a matter of months.

11.04.2025 18:17 πŸ‘ 6 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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How to identify streamwise vorticity on a hodograph, in 60 seconds

04.04.2025 21:06 πŸ‘ 19 πŸ” 7 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

I've seen gravity wave signatures similar to that in stratiform rain before, but those look pretty intense

04.04.2025 21:05 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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The hodograph parameter critical angle is meant to quantify how streamwise low-level shear is, but it can be misleading due to its non-linear relationship with streamwise %. You don't have to be particularly close to 90Β° to still have almost entirely streamwise shear.

03.04.2025 16:35 πŸ‘ 6 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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For me at least, energetics is the most intuitive approach to understanding cold pool dynamics. I've done a writeup about it here:

01.04.2025 00:42 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Despite being an essential part of a severe weather forecaster’s toolkit, hodographs have a notorious learning curve. So, I have put together this 3D animation as a visual aid to help those new to hodographs understand what they’re showing.

29.03.2025 20:04 πŸ‘ 93 πŸ” 22 πŸ’¬ 10 πŸ“Œ 2
Aurora seen from the top of a mountain with a winding road.

Aurora seen from the top of a mountain with a winding road.

Aurora tonight in central PA!

22.03.2025 04:05 πŸ‘ 41 πŸ” 5 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 3

Thank you!

20.03.2025 04:52 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Stack of long exposure photos revealing the circular trails that the stars make across the northern skies

Stack of long exposure photos revealing the circular trails that the stars make across the northern skies

Went to Black Moshannon State Park last night to try out star trail photography for the first time

19.03.2025 17:01 πŸ‘ 7 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Lunar eclipse in Boiling Springs last night. For these celestial events, I always try to focus on a unique, zoomed out composition rather than the telephoto shots you see from everyone else.

14.03.2025 21:26 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
A small creek flowing through a wide open field, with a small wooden bridge at the center of the frame.

A small creek flowing through a wide open field, with a small wooden bridge at the center of the frame.

11.03.2025 19:43 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Pheobe sitting on her favorite sunny windowsill, hoping to watch some birds fly by.

Pheobe sitting on her favorite sunny windowsill, hoping to watch some birds fly by.

07.03.2025 21:16 πŸ‘ 5 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Crescent moon about to dip below the horizon, illuminating some cirrus clouds.

Crescent moon about to dip below the horizon, illuminating some cirrus clouds.

Moonset tonight

04.03.2025 05:03 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Sunset with the silhouette of mountains in the foreground. The crescent moon peeks through the clouds.

Sunset with the silhouette of mountains in the foreground. The crescent moon peeks through the clouds.

Sunset in Dillsburg tonight

02.03.2025 23:36 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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State College sunset yesterday

24.02.2025 01:42 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Red aurora on the horizon over a frozen lake.

Red aurora on the horizon over a frozen lake.

First central PA aurora of 2025 tonight! Negative bz + low GOES mag does the trick in solar maximum apparently

19.02.2025 02:15 πŸ‘ 72 πŸ” 13 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
A lone person walking down a path, viewed slightly out of focus through a window laden with rain drops.

A lone person walking down a path, viewed slightly out of focus through a window laden with rain drops.

18.02.2025 16:39 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Rain drops dripping down a large window. There are dark and ominous clouds in the background, and the reflections of two lights on either side of the frame.

Rain drops dripping down a large window. There are dark and ominous clouds in the background, and the reflections of two lights on either side of the frame.

Wind and rain in State College this afternoon

16.02.2025 21:35 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

I see waaaaaaaay too many people trying to use LLMs as if it was an internet search engines and treating output as genuine fact. It's not a database search, it's a model trained primarily to generate text that sounds like a realistic response to your prompts.

15.02.2025 23:09 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
An optical phenomenon called a 22Β° halo creates a ring of color around a nearly full moon.

An optical phenomenon called a 22Β° halo creates a ring of color around a nearly full moon.

22Β° halo in Dillsburg tonight with a nearly full moon and cirrus associated with an approaching winter storm

11.02.2025 06:10 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Looking upward at the canopy of an evergreen forest with the moon shining through a gap in the trees.

Looking upward at the canopy of an evergreen forest with the moon shining through a gap in the trees.

08.02.2025 03:30 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
A winding, hilly path in shadow. A few colorful clouds illuminated by the setting sun appear in the background.

A winding, hilly path in shadow. A few colorful clouds illuminated by the setting sun appear in the background.

05.02.2025 00:19 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
A bird flying at twilight with the crescent moon.

A bird flying at twilight with the crescent moon.

03.02.2025 23:13 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
A crescent Moon and Venus over a lone tree at twilight

A crescent Moon and Venus over a lone tree at twilight

Tonight’s Moon and Venus conjunction from Central PA

02.02.2025 02:13 πŸ‘ 9 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Some of my best astrophotography. Lunar eclipse from a few years ago, aurora from both the May and October major geomagnetic storms last year, and a comet/Milky Way two-for-one shot

30.01.2025 01:31 πŸ‘ 8 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Small trees stick out of a frozen lake at twilight. Venus shines as a small bright dot at the top center of the frame.

Small trees stick out of a frozen lake at twilight. Venus shines as a small bright dot at the top center of the frame.

Colyer Lake last evening

28.01.2025 16:11 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0