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John Kelly

@mashedradish

Middle-school English teacher. Former dictionary editor and spokesperson. I write about etymology at mashedradish.com.

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Latest posts by John Kelly @mashedradish

See, etymology isn’t just good for unsolicited trivia.

It’s like a good friend—therapist, even—urging us to touch grass.

To hug a tree! To hold a book!

05.03.2026 17:21 👍 5 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0

The Latin-based CODE and LIBRARY display similar etymological materiality.

CODE comes from the Latin CAUDEX, originally meaning TREE TRUNK.

LIBRARY is rooted in the Latin for book, LIBER, originally referring to the inner tree bark.

05.03.2026 17:20 👍 3 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0

The Old English form of BOOK was BOC. Its plural was BEC. Think FOOT/FEET.

The regular -S plural marker, however, eventually prevailed over BEC, yielding BOOKS.

Had it not? We would probably be using a form more like BEECH today.

(I'll leave the discussion of umlaut to the experts.)

05.03.2026 17:20 👍 3 🔁 0 💬 1 📌 0

Earlier arguments concerning the semantic jump specifically favored the inscription of runes on strips of beech bark.

While the BOOK-BEECH etymology has certainly been challenged, it has regained support, according to the OED.

05.03.2026 17:20 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 1 📌 0

One for World Book Day: I’ve always loved the materiality of the etymology of BOOK.

The traditional origin for BOOK derives the word from the same Germanic base as BEECH.

For the connection, scholars look to writing tablets made from the tree, which historically once dominated European forests.

05.03.2026 17:20 👍 5 🔁 1 💬 1 📌 1
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Leave the em-dash alone This writing panic has a 500-year precedent

Most great English sentences draw on both Germanic and Romance/Latin layers of the language. If you start pulling at the Latin threads, the whole thing comes apart.

Here's the full story of what the purists were fighting about, and why it echoes today:

www.deadlanguagesociety.com/p/em-dash-ai...

04.03.2026 14:31 👍 13 🔁 4 💬 0 📌 1
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Encyclopædia Iranica The Encyclopaedia Iranica is a comprehensive research tool dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent

In researching and writing this post, I relied on two incredible resources, among others.

1) Encyclopædia Iranica
www.iranicaonline.org

2) The Institute for the Study of Ancient Languages
isac.uchicago.edu

03.03.2026 14:15 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0
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Withstanding the sands of time: the origin of “Iran” The name Iran, rooted in an ancient self-designation, has survived the rise and fall of empires past and present.

The name IRAN is rooted in a "linguistic concept," German scholar of Iranian languages Rüdiger Schmitt explained.

Peoples from ancient Iran and northern India identified themselves by common language.

And English, inter Indo-European alia, is a relative.

mashedradish.com/2026/03/01/i...

03.03.2026 14:11 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 1 📌 0

Do you recognize 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 or 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹?

They are ancestors to the name IRAN.

I think it's incredible that we know this, and, amidst our present turmoil, I find instruction—maybe even some small consolation—in the reaches of history.

02.03.2026 20:29 👍 5 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0
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Withstanding the sands of time: the origin of “Iran” The name Iran, rooted in an ancient self-designation, has survived the rise and fall of empires past and present.

The name IRAN, rooted in an ancient self-designation, has survived the rise and fall of empires past and present.

mashedradish.com/2026/03/01/i...

02.03.2026 14:19 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 1

Good call-out. And Lynch/Badalamenti, having scored “Lost Highway.” They played “Perfect Drug,” which ruled.

21.02.2026 15:40 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0

NIN. Mind-blowing live show. On top of insane energy and cinematic production, choice cover of Bowie’s “I’m Afraid of Americans” and encore (“Hurt,” obvs) decaying into Badalamenti’s “Twin Peaks Theme.”

21.02.2026 03:50 👍 3 🔁 0 💬 1 📌 0
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An etymological trip to northern Italy: Milan, Cortina, Lombardy, and more Of beards, fields, curtains, and sparkly rocks

The toponym treatment continues on the blog, this time digging into the place name histories of MILAN, CORTINA, LOMBARDY, ALPS, and DOLOMITES.

mashedradish.com/2026/02/15/m...

15.02.2026 15:14 👍 11 🔁 1 💬 0 📌 0

Alas, yes

15.02.2026 15:08 👍 0 🔁 0 💬 1 📌 0

It is a little icky, innit

15.02.2026 15:08 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0

At a professional development session just yesterday, the middle-aged presenter used “glazed” (fawn over) and I immediately exclaimed to the person sitting next to me: “Well, that slang term is dead.”

14.02.2026 14:45 👍 15 🔁 2 💬 2 📌 0

Infamous? Vivek Ramaswamy. Same class.

Also same class: the less assault-y co-founder of GitHub.

12.02.2026 14:25 👍 5 🔁 1 💬 0 📌 0

Over on threads someone just use ai;dr and we all need to adopt that right quick

11.02.2026 19:56 👍 12057 🔁 4181 💬 86 📌 190

Make IT stop!!!

11.02.2026 01:38 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0

If it’s any consolation, the kids hate the product.

10.02.2026 01:44 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0

This is just unspeakable.

10.02.2026 01:15 👍 17 🔁 6 💬 1 📌 0

One thing that is surreal is having to use a product of the company that laid my dictionary peeps and me all off.

09.02.2026 23:13 👍 9 🔁 0 💬 1 📌 0
Written in red dry-erase marker on a white board: “The only thing more powerful than hate love,” attributed to Bad Bunny.

Written in red dry-erase marker on a white board: “The only thing more powerful than hate love,” attributed to Bad Bunny.

One of my 8th graders today sped into class at 7:30am to find her best friend & rave about Bad Bunny’s halftime. She’s Latina, 1st language is Spanish, kept saying how “touching” it was, how happy she was for Bad Bunny. Was moved by his litany of Latin American countries & left this at dismissal:

09.02.2026 22:27 👍 8 🔁 1 💬 1 📌 0

First, thanks for being gracious with my typos!

Second, it also took me too long to realize the official logo of this Winter Olympics is a stylized 26, not ‘zb,’ which I still have a hard time unseeing.

09.02.2026 22:18 👍 2 🔁 0 💬 1 📌 0
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Word of the week: Stoat A weasel word goes to the Winter Olympics.

Winter Olympics word of the week: Stoat. (ht @mashedradish.bsky.social)
fritinancy.substack.com/p/word-of-th...

09.02.2026 15:40 👍 9 🔁 4 💬 2 📌 0

Borrowed from French, “griddle,” “grill,” and “gridiron” all go back to Latin “craticula”—a little griddle, diminutive of “cratis” (wickerwork). Think “grate over fire for cooking.”

09.02.2026 00:49 👍 1 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0

I will say, Matthew McConaughey, that “gridiron” is really just a variant of “griddle.”

09.02.2026 00:45 👍 2 🔁 0 💬 1 📌 0

The English word for HAWK used to be ...

HAFOC.

Hafoc. Hafoc!

That medial consonant certainly flew the nest.

08.02.2026 17:17 👍 3 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0

There's other big sports stuff happening today.

Like, you know, the Seahakws rematching the Patriots in the Super Bowl.

Which prompted me to refresh my 2015 post after the two teams last faced off.

Play back the tape on the etymology of HAWK vs. PATRIOT: mashedradish.com/2026/02/08/h...

08.02.2026 17:16 👍 3 🔁 1 💬 0 📌 1

English used to pronounce the name of MILAN with the stress on the first syllable.

This is preserved in the spelling of MILLINER.

08.02.2026 17:12 👍 2 🔁 0 💬 0 📌 0