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Travis Crum

@traviscrum

Professor of Law, Washington University in St. Louis. Writing and Teaching about Voting Rights and Constitutional Law.

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18.10.2023
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Latest posts by Travis Crum @traviscrum

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With Callais not out yet & no opinion likely until late March at the earliest, it is becoming functionally too late for most southern states to redraw maps.

By the end of March, primaries will have happened in TX, NC, & MS & mail ballots will go out shortly after in AL, GA, and LA.

04.03.2026 15:54 πŸ‘ 64 πŸ” 23 πŸ’¬ 4 πŸ“Œ 3
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Rethinking Preclearance in the Age of Trump #ELB With Monday’s shadow docket decision in Malliotakis v. Williams, the Staten Island NYVRA case, the Supreme Court has doubled-down on its resistance to lower courts issuing preliminary injunctions agai...

In a new Election Law Blog, I argue that, in prepping for a post-Trump world, we need to re-think preclearance. Using the mid-decade redistricting fights as an example, the post argues that DOJ should be sidelined and/or courts given power to review preclearance grants.

electionlawblog.org?p=154611

04.03.2026 15:33 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

I'll be presenting this paper next week at the National Conference of Constitutional Law Scholars at the University of Arizona Law School. I'll post it on SSRN after incorporating comments from the conference. In the meantime, happy to share if folks are interested.

24.02.2026 20:06 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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I've just submitted a new paper out this law review cycle. In Liquidating Reconstruction, I ask what the Reconstruction Amendments can teach us about liquidation and vice versa. This paper is especially timely given that 2027 is the 150th anniversary of the end of Reconstruction.

24.02.2026 20:06 πŸ‘ 9 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 1
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My book is available for pre-order! Get your copy here: www.cambridge.org/us/universit...

18.02.2026 16:44 πŸ‘ 81 πŸ” 29 πŸ’¬ 4 πŸ“Œ 2
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The Brewing Fight Over the 2030 Census’s Citizenship Question #ELB Last week, Missouri filed a complaint alleging that undocumented immigrants and temporary visa holders (such as those here on student or work visas) should not be counted during the 2030 Census and ap...

Remember how the first Trump administration tried to "enforce the VRA" by adding a citizenship question to the 2020 Census? Well it appears we're gonna have that fight again, and this time a recent lawsuit brought by Missouri is the opening volley.

electionlawblog.org?p=154179

06.02.2026 16:06 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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"Missouri Attorney General Hanaway Files Suit Against U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau To Cease Counting Illegal Aliens, Requests Census Recount" #ELB You can find Missouri’s AG’s press release here. The complaint is here. This is yet another attempt to exclude undocumented immigrants from the decennial apportionment. The first Trump administration ...

Missouri has filed a lawsuit seeking to exclude undocumented immigrants from the 2030 Census and apportionment. Remarkably, Missouri is also seeking a "redo" of the 2020 enumeration "if necessary." No idea how that would even be possible at this stage.

electionlawblog.org?p=154059

30.01.2026 17:05 πŸ‘ 42 πŸ” 19 πŸ’¬ 10 πŸ“Œ 2

I'd love to workshop chapters of this book in the coming years. And suggestions on title (and subtitle) are appreciated.

Thanks to all my mentors who pushed me to go into legal academia as a First Gen college student. This book would not be possible without your encouragement.

23.01.2026 16:07 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

My book will also cover post-1950s doctrinal developments in areas such as Congress’s enforcement authority, redistricting, and Section 2’s discriminatory results standard. Some of this history has yet to be written as we await the Court's decision in Callais.

23.01.2026 16:07 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

The last book on the Fifteenth Amendment’s drafting and ratification was published in 1965. My book covers that history from a legal perspective–as opposed to a historian’s. And my book will go beyond 1870, providing a brief history of Reconstruction’s demise and Jim Crow.

23.01.2026 16:07 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

I'm thrilled to announce that I’ve signed a contract with Cambridge University Press to write a book on the Fifteenth Amendment. The target publication date is late 2028. The tentative title is "The Fifteenth Amendment: An Unabridged History of the Fight against Racial Discrimination in Voting."

23.01.2026 16:07 πŸ‘ 12 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Turtle Mountain Cert Petition Remains Pending: What Does this mean for Callais? #ELB As readers of this blog know, the Eighth Circuit recently ruled that there is no implied cause of action under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and that Section 1983 cannot provide a jurisdictional ...

SCOTUS is sitting on a cert petition in a major Section 2 case about implied causes of action. There's likely a dissent from denial of cert or its being held for Callais. This has very worrisome implications for the VRA's constitutionality.

electionlawblog.org?p=153412

08.12.2025 15:48 πŸ‘ 10 πŸ” 4 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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"β€˜Constitutional hardball’: National gerrymander battle turns the heat up in Missouri" #ELB Politico: Republicans and Democrats are quietly pouring millions of dollars into a fight trying to block Missouri’s new gerrymandered congressional map, as each party scrambles for any advantage they ...

β€œβ€˜Constitutional hardball’: National gerrymander battle turns the heat up in Missouri” electionlawblog.org?p=153339

04.12.2025 15:55 πŸ‘ 25 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 1
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Mid-Decade Redistricting and the Purcell Principle #ELB Yesterday, a three-judge district court preliminarily enjoined Texas’s mid-decade congressional redistricting map. This case will be promptly appealed to the Supreme Court, and it will be the first of...

The first mid-decade redistricting case is headed to the Supreme Court's shadow docket. Here's why the so-called Purcell Principle--which counsels against enjoining redistricting maps close to an election--should not apply here:

electionlawblog.org?p=153101

19.11.2025 15:57 πŸ‘ 5 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
The Curiously Minor Role of <i>Minor v. Happersett</i> <p>This <i>Foreword</i>Β introduces a symposium marking the 150th anniversary of <i>Minor v. Happersett</i>, a Supreme Court decision unanimously holding th

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....

17.10.2025 16:08 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Hot off the presses! I helped organize a symposium on the 150th anniversary of Minor v. Happersett, where the Supreme Court held that women were not enfranchised by the 14th Amendment. The case originated in St. Louis, so it was rewarding to shine a light on this overlooked piece of local history.

17.10.2025 16:08 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

If Section 2 compliance isn't a compelling state interest, how would it survive Boerne? Alabama has a jurisdictional statement in Milligan, and they'd argue it isn't congruent/proportional. I don't see much daylight here.

That said, I could see an argument that it could still survive Katzenbach.

17.10.2025 00:48 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Redistricting foes blast Hanaway for trying to stop referendum on Missouri map Missouri Attorney General Catherine Hanaway is arguing that the referendum is usurping the legislature’s power to redraw congressional districts.

And here's the underlying STLPR article:

www.stlpr.org/government-p...

17.10.2025 00:25 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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"Redistricting foes blast Hanaway for trying to stop referendum on Missouri map" #ELB Missouri seeks to revive the independent state legislature theory, this time its by insisting that there’s a clear-statement rule. I may have more to say about this case in the near future. In the mea...

Missouri is seeking to revive the independent state legislature theory by insisting there's a clear statement rule. The rejected legal theory that plagued the 2020 election makes a return in the mid-decade redistricting wars.

electionlawblog.org?p=152593

17.10.2025 00:24 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Callais Re-Argument Recap #ELB Earlier today, I attended the oral argument in Callais. My global takeaway is a bit more sanguine than Rick’s. When the case was set for re-argument, the new QP flagged Section 2’s constitutionality: ...

Here's my take on today's big voting rights argument in Louisiana v. Callais. The Justices re-hashed arguments that had been considered three Terms ago in Milligan, and they appeared more interested in tweaking the VRA than in overturning it.

electionlawblog.org?p=152557

15.10.2025 19:44 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Originalism and Expiration Dates #ELB Tomorrow, the Supreme Court will hold a rare re-argument in Louisiana v. Callais on whether Section 2 of the VRA is unconstitutional as applied to redistricting. I’ve filed an amicus brief arguing tha...

The second post argues that the Court's attempt to impose sunset dates on congressional statutes is deeply ahistorical and indefensible on originalist grounds:

electionlawblog.org?p=152514

14.10.2025 18:37 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Section 2's Limits #ELB Sparked by Nick Stephanopolous’s amicus brief, there’s been discussion on this blog about Section 2’s limits and how that might impact tomorrow’s re-argument in Callais. To help readers understand the...

The first post addresses the limits and importance of Section 2 of the VRA. Those who are not familiar with this area of law may find this real-world example particularly illuminating:

electionlawblog.org?p=152512

14.10.2025 18:37 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

In advance of tomorrow's re-argument in the major voting rights case of Louisiana v. Callais, I've got two posts on the Election Law Blog. I'll be attending the argument and will provide an eyewitness account on ELB as well.

14.10.2025 18:37 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0

Can't wait to read this!

30.09.2025 15:42 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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The 2025 Election Law Conference at Florida State University #ELB This weekend, FSU will host the 2025 Election Law Conference. Jacob Eisler is the organizer, and I am serving as an informal advisor. This conference is a sequel to last year’s Election Law Conference...

Really excited to be attending the 2025 Election Law Conference at Florida State University this weekend. We've got a great line-up of speakers!

electionlawblog.org?p=151984

10.09.2025 15:04 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Thanks to @epps.bsky.social and the folks at Wilkinson Stekloff LLP for their help on the brief.

04.09.2025 01:10 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Amicus Brief on the Fifteenth Amendment in Louisiana v. Callais #ELB Another ELB contributor has entered the Callais fray. Today, I filed an amicus brief in support of the Robinson appellants in this fall’s blockbuster voting rights case, Louisiana v. Callais. You can ...

And here's a post at the Election Law Blog that unpacks the brief:

electionlawblog.org?p=151919

04.09.2025 01:10 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

You can find the amicus brief here:

www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/24...

04.09.2025 01:10 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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I filed an amicus brief in Callais, this fall's blockbuster voting rights case. I make three arguments. First, the Fifteenth Amendment is the constitutional provision that bans racial discrimination in voting. Second, Shaw should be overturned. Finally, Section 2 of the VRA is constitutional.

04.09.2025 01:10 πŸ‘ 84 πŸ” 17 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0

To quote the Onion: History sighs, repeats itself.

08.08.2025 20:15 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0