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Chris Brooke

@christopherbrooke

Viral evolution and infection biology. Assoc. professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. brookelab.org

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Latest posts by Chris Brooke @christopherbrooke

Kansas Sends Letters To Trans People Demanding The Immediate Surrender Of Drivers Licenses
"The legislature did not include a grace period."
ERIN REED
FEB 25, 2026
88
5
21
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Kansas Sate Capitol // farzinvousoughian

Kansas Sends Letters To Trans People Demanding The Immediate Surrender Of Drivers Licenses "The legislature did not include a grace period." ERIN REED FEB 25, 2026 88 5 21 Share Kansas Sate Capitol // farzinvousoughian

1. Numerous transgender people in Kansas are reporting that the state has sent them a letter demanding the immediate surrender of drivers licenses.

Those driving could be arrested, charged, and see privileges revoked.

Subscribe to support our journalism.

www.erininthemorning.com/p/kansas-sen...

26.02.2026 01:06 πŸ‘ 6349 πŸ” 3475 πŸ’¬ 239 πŸ“Œ 913
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Should biology put complexity first? The dictum β€œEverything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler” poses a problem for biology. How simply can it be told without doing dama…

Should biology put complexity first? www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... - excellent essay by @philipcball.bsky.social. I would add epistasis to polygenicity and pleiotropy as a ubiquitous and fundamental phenomenon, not some optional complication that we can try to account for afterwards

24.02.2026 17:45 πŸ‘ 99 πŸ” 32 πŸ’¬ 9 πŸ“Œ 9
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Out today in @natecoevo.nature.com!

πŸ“ www.nature.com/articles/s41...

We compare the mutational tolerance of enteroviruses A & B across their full proteomes, mapping distinct host interaction strategies 🦠 and identifying mutation-resistant regions that could inform antiviral development πŸ’Š

23.02.2026 13:42 πŸ‘ 14 πŸ” 10 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Grievance Is All You Need Understanding attacks on NIH, CDC and FDA through the lens of COVID revisionists

Thank you to @joshuasweitz.bsky.social. The origin of the current assault on science and public health has a direct tie to COVID contrarianism. But Bhattacharya, Prasad and the rest couldn’t rise without help and patronage. 1/ joshuasweitz.substack.com/p/grievance-...

21.02.2026 10:24 πŸ‘ 162 πŸ” 65 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 6

A lot of people, including me, were wondering how an IRB could ever approve this study.

The answer is that no IRB did. The person who β€œsigned off” on approval from the only ethics board that reviewed it had resigned three years earlier. His signature was used without his knowledge.

21.02.2026 02:43 πŸ‘ 4285 πŸ” 2087 πŸ’¬ 86 πŸ“Œ 100
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New Climate Maps Show a Transformed United States According to new data analyzed by ProPublica and The New York Times Magazine, warming temperatures, rising seas and changing rainfall will profoundly reshape the way people have lived in North America...

In 2020, we mapped out the danger zones that will close in on Americans over the next 30 years β€” combining climate data with wildfire projections by US Forest Service researchers and others.

See what changes are in store for your county πŸ‘‡

19.02.2026 02:00 πŸ‘ 656 πŸ” 291 πŸ’¬ 21 πŸ“Œ 28
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Prasad overruled FDA staff to reject Moderna's flu vaccine application The rejection is the latest instance of Vinay Prasad overruling career FDA scientists to place vaccines under harsher scrutiny.

Scoop: Top FDA official Vinay Prasad overruled the agency’s reviewers when he refused to accept Moderna’s application for a new influenza vaccine, STAT has learned.
www.statnews.com/2026/02/11/m...

11.02.2026 15:34 πŸ‘ 416 πŸ” 254 πŸ’¬ 22 πŸ“Œ 34
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Integrated single-cell analyses of affinity-tested B cells enable the identification of a gene signature to predict antibody affinity Chirichella and colleagues integrated single-cell transcriptomics, BCR sequences, and affinity measurements to identify High Signature, a gene expression signature predictive of sub-nanomolar antibodi...

Integrated single-cell analyses of affinity-tested B cells enable the identification of a gene signature to predict antibody affinity @astrazeneca.bsky.social @angelettilab.bsky.social
www.cell.com/cell-systems...

04.02.2026 20:55 πŸ‘ 14 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 1
Every social theory undergirding Trumpism has been broken on the steel of Minnesotan resolve. The multiracial community in Minneapolis was supposed to shatter. It did not. It held until Bovino was forced out of the Twin Cities with his long coat between his legs.

The secret fear of the morally depraved is that virtue is actually common, and that they’re the ones who are alone. In Minnesota, all of the ideological cornerstones of MAGA have been proved false at once. Minnesotans, not the armed thugs of ICE and the Border Patrol, are brave. Minnesotans have shown that their community is socially cohesiveβ€”because of its diversity and not in spite of it. Minnesotans have found and loved one another in a world atomized by social media, where empty men have tried to fill their lonely soul with lies about their own inherent superiority. Minnesotans have preserved everything worthwhile about β€œWestern civilization,” while armed brutes try to tear it down by force.

Every social theory undergirding Trumpism has been broken on the steel of Minnesotan resolve. The multiracial community in Minneapolis was supposed to shatter. It did not. It held until Bovino was forced out of the Twin Cities with his long coat between his legs. The secret fear of the morally depraved is that virtue is actually common, and that they’re the ones who are alone. In Minnesota, all of the ideological cornerstones of MAGA have been proved false at once. Minnesotans, not the armed thugs of ICE and the Border Patrol, are brave. Minnesotans have shown that their community is socially cohesiveβ€”because of its diversity and not in spite of it. Minnesotans have found and loved one another in a world atomized by social media, where empty men have tried to fill their lonely soul with lies about their own inherent superiority. Minnesotans have preserved everything worthwhile about β€œWestern civilization,” while armed brutes try to tear it down by force.

Last week in Minnesota, I watched ordinary people risk their lives to protect their neighbors. In the process, they not only won a significantβ€”though not finalβ€”victory against authoritarianism, they proved virtually every MAGA social theory wrong. (gift link) www.theatlantic.com/ideas/2026/0...

27.01.2026 13:06 πŸ‘ 12114 πŸ” 4028 πŸ’¬ 266 πŸ“Œ 435
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Top CDC vaccine adviser questions need for polio shot, other longstanding recommendations The chair of a federal vaccine advisory panel charted a new course for the committee in a podcast released Thursday, questioning longstanding recommendations.

This is the chair of ACIP. Experimenting on America's kids. HE'S GOT TO GO. β€œWhat we’re going to have is a real-world experience of when unvaccinated people get measles,” he said. β€œWhat is the new incidence of hospitalization? What’s the incidence of death?” www.statnews.com/2026/01/22/v....

23.01.2026 10:43 πŸ‘ 200 πŸ” 94 πŸ’¬ 12 πŸ“Œ 12
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Regulatory hotspot on the influenza A virus polymerase revealed through the structure of the NEP-polymerase complex Structural studies reveal how influenza virus switches between making new RNA genomes and exporting them from the host nucleus.

Beautiful work from @efodor.bsky.social and Jonathan Grimes' labs - the first full structure of the influenza A virus NEP protein, and a clear indication that its role in viral replication is more nuanced that first thought
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

24.01.2026 13:41 πŸ‘ 29 πŸ” 14 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Exclusive: key NIH review panels due to lose all members by the end of 2026 Thirteen of the agency’s advisory councils, which must review grant applications before funding is awarded, are on track to have no voting members.

🚨 New from me: Grant review at more than half of NIH's institutes could be frozen by the end of the year.

That's because crucial NIH grant-review panels are slated to be empty at those institutes by Jan 2027.

A wonky bureaucratic problem with big implications.

A short 🧡

22.01.2026 19:46 πŸ‘ 322 πŸ” 259 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 36
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Basal IFNΞ»2/3 signaling is required for ISG expression and viral control in human intestinal epithelial cells Author summary Interferon-lambdas (IFNΞ»s) are antiviral molecules that help protect the surfaces of our body, such as the gut and lungs, from infection. While IFNΞ»s are best known for being produced d...

Excited to share: We show that basal IFNΞ»2/3 signaling helps human intestinal epithelial cells stay ready for viral infections, even before an acute infection. A reminder that a lot of innate immune defense happens quietly in the background. journals.plos.org/plospathogen...

22.01.2026 16:46 πŸ‘ 12 πŸ” 6 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

I came to Minneapolis to report on what's going on, and one of the main questions I showed up with is "just what is the scale of the resistance?" After all, we're all used to the news calling Portland a "war zone" or whatever when it's just some protests in one part of town.

22.01.2026 03:58 πŸ‘ 15490 πŸ” 5781 πŸ’¬ 141 πŸ“Œ 1555
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Rhinovirus triggers distinct host responses through differential engagement of epithelial innate immune signaling Rhinoviruses are the most frequent cause of common colds and also a major cause of respiratory distress in high-risk groups. Using single-cell sequencing of rhinovirus-infected nasal epithelial organo...

Rhinoviruses cause common cold & asthma attacks but are also often benign. Using nasal organoids, we learned how the community of cells in the lining the nasal passages coordinates to respond to rhinovirus and which responses lead to excess mucus & inflammation. www.cell.com/cell-press-b...

20.01.2026 21:23 πŸ‘ 20 πŸ” 10 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 1
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Minnesota: "School officials say the [5-year-old] child was used as bait. They say [ICE] agents made little Liam knock on the door to ask to be let in in order to see if anyone else was home."

22.01.2026 00:05 πŸ‘ 15574 πŸ” 8599 πŸ’¬ 713 πŸ“Œ 1967

Now live! Nearly all human genes contain multiple transcript isoforms - and the genes that predominantly control infection, ISGs, are no different. Using PacBio with analysis help from Yan Guo, Himadri noticed a never-before-seen transcript isoform of ISG15 that potently restricts flu 1/4

17.01.2026 03:28 πŸ‘ 12 πŸ” 7 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 1

The thing I always come back to is how many people never despaired against longer odds, and how arrogant it would be to put myself above them.

07.01.2026 22:12 πŸ‘ 905 πŸ” 220 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 14
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Antibodies elicited by the 2025-2026 influenza vaccine in humans A new H3N2 variant (named subclade K) possesses several key hemagglutinin substitutions and is circulating widely during the 2025-2026 influenza season. In this report, we completed experiments to det...

We find that subclade K viruses are antigenically advanced; however, this year's flu vaccine surprisingly elicited antibodies in many individuals that efficiently recognized these viruses. The implications are clear: go get this year’s vaccine if you haven’t already!

www.medrxiv.org/content/10.6...

07.01.2026 13:34 πŸ‘ 68 πŸ” 42 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 5

If you are submitting an NIH grant in February, you will be required to use SciENcv to prepare you biosketch.

IT IS MUCH WORSE THAN YOU CAN POSSIBLY IMAGINE.

Set aside *at least* 4 hours just to transfer an existing an biosketch into SciENcv.

06.01.2026 23:29 πŸ‘ 178 πŸ” 93 πŸ’¬ 27 πŸ“Œ 28
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Why Denmark's vaccine schedule works for Denmark β€” but not for the United States With its vaccine schedule, β€œDenmark has made a values choice to accept preventable hospitalizations and illnesses that other countries have chosen to prevent.”

Three weeks ago I explained in @statnews.com why adopting Denmark’s vaccine schedule would leave American children unprotected. Today HHS did it anyway.
www.statnews.com/2025/12/19/d...

06.01.2026 02:11 πŸ‘ 74 πŸ” 26 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 2
PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans...

Happy to see @joelrc.bsky.social's paper identifying cellular heterogeneity in basal OASL expression as a major determinant of interferon induction during influenza virus infection out in its final form:

www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...

Happy new year, hope everyone's 2026 is better than 2025!

01.01.2026 00:42 πŸ‘ 21 πŸ” 11 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Ooof thanks for the heads up

01.01.2026 00:39 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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NIH leader resigns after flap over risks of seasonal flu virus study Agency may be expanding list of pathogens subject to dangerous β€œgain-of-function” regulations

www.science.org/content/arti...

23.12.2025 21:35 πŸ‘ 32 πŸ” 25 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 1
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Revisionism in the Wake of Covid A dialogue confronting the premise of revisionist efforts to diminish the pandemic's severity and dismantle public health institutions.

Macedo and Lee misrepresent what happened during the pandemic and are unable to confront Covid's actual toll, presumably because it undermines their premise. A longer take here w/my colleague Greg Gibson:

joshuasweitz.substack.com/p/revisionis...

26.12.2025 15:44 πŸ‘ 43 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 2
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Global remodeling of ADP-ribosylation by PARP1 suppresses influenza A virus infection - Nature Communications Influenza A virus infection causes a dramatic upregulation of ADP-ribosylation that as part of the cellular antiviral response, a process that is counteracted by the viral NS1 protein.

🧡 Thread on our new @natcomms.nature.com paper: TLDR -- ADP-ribosylation inhibits viral replication and represents a previously under-appreciated arm of innate immunity during flu infection. Read along for the details…. (1/11) www.nature.com/articles/s41...

19.12.2025 21:52 πŸ‘ 15 πŸ” 7 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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The Most Feared Person at the NIH Is a Vaccine Researcher Plucked From Obscurity While NIH director Jay Bhattacharya focuses on podcasting, his second in command is dramatically remaking the agency.

www.theatlantic.com/health/2025/...

17.12.2025 12:59 πŸ‘ 6 πŸ” 4 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Does fever drive the evolution of antiviral genes? | Journal of Experimental Medicine | Rockefeller University Press Fever is an evolutionary conserved response to pathogens. In this Perspective, Langlois hypothesizes that antiviral genes are selected for their function a

Put a perspective piece together on how fever may have driven the evolution of antiviral genes: rupress.org/jem/article/...

15.12.2025 15:20 πŸ‘ 14 πŸ” 9 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0

Thanks!!

13.12.2025 21:10 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

This is just a sampling of Liz's findings in the paper, all of which have important implications for how the earliest stages of interferon induction are regulated. Check it out!!

12.12.2025 22:12 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0