(it does work as described for me and i hope it can for you if applicable, i just have to avoid the part where sometimes i decide i can skip melatonin for a day bc now the sun is coming up)

screenshot of tweets: Freya Holmér @FreyaHolmer why do I take melatonin? well, my options are: 1. take melatonin, get tired at a normal hour, and get normal amounts of sleep 2. no meds, lie awake for 3 hours, force wake at a normal hour, sleep deprived 3. no meds, go to bed when tired, sleep as long as needed, which leads to: [image: a calendar tracking my sleep habits across a few months from a few years back, showing a gradual slope, repeating several times, showing my days are ~25 hours long or so. Even within this one, I tried to force myself into a normal sleep pattern every now and then] · Sep 29, 2023 · 86.2K Views Freya Holmér @FreyaHolmer · Sep 29, 2023 like, the concept of getting tired when I should go to bed is a game changer

unsolicited advice: if ur sleep deprivation is possibly like mine this is a religious text to me by which i think i mean i never read it and don't follow its teachings but i do dig it up to preach to others

screenshot of same wikipedia page ("Tone letter") except on my phone the symbols just stand in line one after the other instead of joining into a representation of the tone contour

oh shit i was super confused how they even managed to make them nonjoining and i think it might just be a rendering thing, this is how that same page looks for me on ios (caption is great this way)

cursed compromise: /˧͡˨/

(i tried googling stallman wojak and nothing came up but please use ur imagination) fore as in fore beer

this is how i find out it's not *forebearer or something. literally 'person who be'd before'. are we serious

do not worry i only shared because it's pretty

those symbols notate the actual contours their voice's pitch goes thru to make a given tone but in this case i think the temptation of being able to pack a ton of information into a tiny space was too great and it just looks overwhelming (if pretty)

screenshot of wikipedia article w/ tables (restructured here): [table] Tonogenesis in Chinese Atonal stage [reconstructed btw] ➡️ Tonogenesis ➡️ Tone split -∅, -N (null or nasal ending) ➡️ 平 píng (level) ➡️ split into A1, A2 -ʔ (glottal stop ending) ➡️ 上 shǎng (rising) ➡️ B1, B2 -s ➡️ 去 qù (departing) ➡️ C1, C2 -p, -t, -k ➡️ 入 rù (entering) ➡️ D1, D2 The tone values are listed below: [table] Tone values of modern Chinese lects SC: Standard Chinese (Putonghua) A1 /˥/ A2 /˧˥/ B /˨˩˦/ C /˥˩/ D /˥, ˧˥ ˨˩˦, ˥˩/ TSH: Taiwanese Sixian Hakka A1 /˨˦/ A2 /˩/ B /˧˩/ C /˥˥/ D1 /˨/ D2 /˥/ THH: Taiwanese Hailu Hakka A1 /˥˧/ A2 /˥/ B /˨˦/ C1 /˩/ C2 /˧/ D1 /˥/ D2 /˨/ XMM: Xiamen Min (Amoy) A1 /˥/ A2 /˨˦/ B /˥˩/ C1 /˩/ C2 /˧/ D1 /˧˨/ D2 /˥/ FZM: Fuzhou Min A1 /˦/ A2 /˥˨/ B /˧˩/ C1 /˨˩˧/ C2 /˨˦˨/ D1 /˨˧/ D2 /˦/ SZW: Suzhou Wu A1 /˦/ A2 /˩˧/ B /˥˨/ C1 /˦˩˨/ C2 /˧˩/ D1 /˥/ D2 /˨/ SXW: Shaoxing Wu A1 /˦˩/ A2 /˩˥/ B1 /˥/ B2 /˨/ C1 /˦/ C2 /˧˩/ D1 /˥/ D2 /˧˨/

developing tones isn't tooo rare but i think the haves->don't haves->haves dance is noteworthy

look at this frickin notation en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonogen...

this may be the least-frills way to type superscript numbers (or the multiplication sign) on ios vs copy/pasting or adding a keyboard shortcut or installing an aftermarket keyboard

1pb in kb =1×10¹² kB

now excuse me while i go play with the converter thing (1cm=0.394 in, 1cm in feet =0.0328 feet, ...!!)

screenshot of me typing this post on my phone, where the input text "f0 = is about to get autocompleted as "f0 = 0”·₣

automatically does a temperature conversion if you type "f0 =" and let it autocomplete (in fact there's also one for `"f0 =` that i don't understand lmao)

f0 instead stands for fundamental frequency and in this case it's just being used to measure whether it's really tonogenesis or not

english -- eg if you're unfamiliar try putting your hand in front of your mouth as you say the words "tone" and then "stone" and seeing if there's a difference in the blast of air your hand feels after the t)

meanwhile f0 =-17.778 °C

…that's not what i meant to write, ios keyboard apparently

More direct evidence for this sound change has come from apparent-time studies (Bailey et al., 1993, Weinreich et al., 1968) that map out the diachronic change by comparing the realization of aspirated and lax stops among different age groups of Seoul Korean speakers (Kang and Guion, 2008, Kang, 2014, Kang and Nagy, 2016, Silva, 2006, Wright, 2007), or from meta-analysis of studies spanning 60 years (Beckman et al., 2014). These studies have all found that the VOT contrast between aspirated and lax stops is reducing in younger speakers' speech, while some (but not all) also found that the fO contrast is similarly increasing.

trying to find an article i can actually access, this one has a good excerpt www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

vot = voice onset time = the time it takes after you release a stop consonant for the following vowel to kick in (the dead air in the meantime is aspiration and u can feel it in

!! this might not be what ur hearing but seoul korean is actually currently developing tone (or pitch accent?) (presumably the course of history avenging the fact that middle korean had tones that then got lost) to the exclusion of afaik most of the rest of the country

anyway i'll be less active considering the news but i wanted to get this one out

origin story:

'i don't wanna write lemme work on a post instead'
-> 'but if a thread is gonna be this meandering i should just write it longform'
-> 'but if im gonna write longform i should just write the actual work ive been putting off'
-> 'but i don't wanna write lemme work on a post instead' 🔁

1983* :)

at the moment of aro's untimely death in 1983, sahban mroueh would've been about 29

29 years later, mroueh would himself be found unresponsive in his study, sitting among his books, aged 58, by some accounts in the middle of writing

[fin]

screenshot of two pages of a pdf: (left side/verso, page 114) JUSSI ARO bətnaʾʾəṭ fē rašš ḫafēf, rašraše yaᶜne, bikōn šahr šəta ḫafeif, w-yaʷm əz-zamhareir šahər bard, w-yaʷm əṣ-ṣaḥu šahər ṣaḥu, w-yaʷm əš-šlōʾ šahr əšlōʾ, w-yaʷm əl-ġaym šahər ġaym, w-yawm təbʾä d-dənya ṭālᶜa, bikən šahr əmnēḥ. (right side/recto, page 127) LA SUBDIVISION DE LA FAMILLE BARITO (visions of a cut-off table, the first cell reads "1. NWB NEB" with a cut-off box at the bottom reading MP and si,di on the inside, D intersecting the border of the box, and ti,li on the top of the box; the second cell reads "2. NWB NEB" as well, but here the D is outside the box, and rather than ti,li and si,di we have b- and w-

and, as one last punchline, the available open-access scan of his 1978 paper (the only transcript we're lucky enough to have of any southern lebanese arabic variety) cuts off during the last story and the folks at acta orientalia haven't replied to me about it

journals.uio.no/actaoriental...

and he would never finish the 20(!!) remaining zrarieh recordings he and béchér made:

screenshot of citation from VICAV: Aro, Jussi 📖 A southern Lebanese Shiite dialect. Actes du XXIXe Congrès international des Orientalistes. Etudes arabes et islamiques II. Langue et littérature I: 24-28. Paris. Asiathèque. 1975.

in 1975 he published his first thoughts on zrarieh's dialect (altho i can't find the paper)

in 1978 he published 13 of his transcribed/translated stories, i've been sharing screenshots of aro 1978's intro

in 1979 he published a way more thorough grammar sketch

and in 1984 he passed away aged 54 🙁

unfortunately however although jussi aro was at his side for the beginning of both of those projects he wouldn't be there to finish them with him

aro's own relevant story from around that time went as follows:

screenshot of wikipedia: The Kalevala (IPA: [ˈkɑleʋɑlɑ]) is a 19th-century compilation of epic poetry, compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Finnish, Karelian and Ingrian folklore and mythology, telling a story about the Creation of the Earth, describing the controversies and retaliatory voyages between the peoples of the land of Kalevala called Väinölä and the land of Pohjola and their various protagonists and antagonists, as well as the construction and robbery of the mythical wealth-making machine Sampo. The Kalevala is regarded as the national epic of Finland and Karelia, and is one of the most significant works of Finnish literature along with J. L. Runeberg's The Tales of

screenshot of pdf: Further achievements. Kaj’s long and at times adventurous friendship with Sahban Mroueh, a Lebanese poet who also worked with Jussi Aro, has yielded an Arabic translation of the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala. First, Kaj made a rough equivalent in Arabic of songs 1–25 and Aro of songs 26–50. These were then polished by Sahban into a final artistic version. Their joint work resulted in al-Kālīfālā: malhamat al-šaʿb al-finlandī. Tarğama Sahbān Ahmad Muruwwa, murāğaʿa Yūssī Arū wa Kāy Ūrnbarī. In spite of the great cultural value of this work, the Finnish Foreign Ministry did not consider it in its sphere of interest, even though it had promised to buy 300 copies for the sake of the country’s international PR. After this bitter course of events, the book was finally published in Beirut in 1991 by Dār Dānāy. Naturally, not a single copy was handed over to the Ministry.

also around that time, mroueh, with the others' help, took on an enormous and ultimately successful undertaking: he produced the first-ever translation of the finnish national epic, the kalevala, into arabic

(i can't find any actual info on the arabic edition other than its title though!)

screenshot of the same paper: Later an additional manuscript of the same work was located in Istanbul and a third in London. The Helsinki version had first been erroneously ascribed to the well-known poet Kushājim (d. ad 961 or 971), because his name was written on the title page. It did not take long, however, before Kaj and his colleagues began testing some of the thousand-year-old recipes, which turned out to be refined and elaborate fare from the epicurean Iranian upper-class and court.

and although they probably weren't the original discoverers, this bit (all from a biographical sketch of öhrnberg btw) suggests that öhrnberg, aro, and mroueh were probably the first in centuries to be able to taste-test these thousand-year-old recipes -- two finns and a guy from jabal amil!

its discovery gave us our earliest attestation of the still-current تِمَّن timman 'rice' which isn't known in writing again until the 19th c!

& w/ jussi aro & another finnish arabist named kaj öhrnberg, sahban mroueh was in the right place at the right time to begin work on a publishable edition of it

screenshot of pdf, a biographical sketch for linguist kaj öhrnberg (introduced later in the thread): Jussi Aro, they were finally able to publish their edition of al-Warrāq's Kitāb al-tabīkh, a manuscript found in the Helsinki University Library at the end of the 1970s. It turned out to be the oldest preserved Arabic cookbook hitherto known (the original was compiled in the 900s, but this copy dated from the 1200s).

but being 'humanities-oriented' and a natural writer he ended up doing a lot more with language nevertheless

in the 70s the very first copy of a then-unknown manuscript, which turned out to be a copy of the 10th-century kitāb aṭ-ṭabīḵ, was found of all places in a library in *helsinki*

back to sahban:

4. FINLAND 1917–

béchér mroué didn't go to finland for linguistics, he actually studied agriculture according to aro (his thesis even turns up online jukuri.luke.fi/server/api/c...)

i don't think sahban did either, and indeed finland's actually where he ended up working in cinema,

…case in point, in fact

(in which i'm wrong, we don't have a transcription of his dialect, but there's a chance fleisch actually has a tape recording of a story of frayha's that he just never published -- elsewhere in the book it says he asked each of his survey informants for such a recording…!)

sahban himself also speaks in these (he's person B below) and this would probably be wonderful to read for someone who only knows him through his writing -- i've long wanted to find eg a transcript or recorded interview of someone like anis frayha or whoever else just to 'know' them a little bit

screenshot of pdf (aro's paper): 2. ᶜAli Ḥillo (Mruwwe), Kleinbauer und Lohnarbeiter, ungefähr 50 Jahre alt. Der Ursprung des Namens Ḥillo wird folgendermassen erklärt: Der Ahne dieses Zweiges der Familie Mruwwe war einmal vor Gericht erschienen und man hatte ihn nach seinem Namen gefragt: Mruwwe? - ʾe, Mruwwe ᶜa-ḥillo »Ja, bloser Mruwwe«. translation: 2. ᶜAli Ḥillo (Mruwwe), small-time farmer and wageworker, about 50 years old. The origin of the name Ḥillo was explained as follows: the forebear of this branch of the Mruwwe family once appeared in court and was asked about his name: Mruwwe? - ʾe, Mruwwe ʕa-ḥillo 'Yup, just Mruwwe'.

screenshot of lub-anan.com's surname summary for zrarieh in 2014, extracted from voter records to read the actual page to go to https://lub-anan.com/المحافظات/الجنوب/صيدا-قرى/الزرارية/العائلات/ but the two surnames i've highlighted are: حلو ḥillo (24 bearers) and حلو مروة ḥillo mruwwe (6 bearers)

allegedly a forebear accidentally changed it in court⁽¹⁾:

judge: 'mroueh?'
forebear: 'yup, just mroueh' : 'ʔē, mroueh ʕa ḥillo'
-> he goes in the record as ḥillo

(it has the air of an apocryphal story but idk, morphologically ḥill-o makes sense)

what's more is the name ḥillo still exists⁽²⁾ :)

so let me continue the thread but MAN

[▶️] as an example of the kind of thing that makes me laugh, here's a bit from the very beginning where aro is introducing all the people in the transcripts, one of whom is a man who's ancestrally a mroueh but is actually legally named 'ali ḥillo'