Curious to know the research you are basing this on - because all the research I have read reports 5 meo as primary alkaloid of virola snuffs, with virola resin containing high alkaloid content. Also many snuffs contain B carbolines which potentiate the 5 MeO activity.

With all due respect, virola snuff samples have been found to contain from 0.15-11% alkaloids (average 3.63%) - with the primary alkaloid being 5 MeO DMT. These are reported to be psychoactive by ethnobotanists and there is no reason, given their shamanic significance, to say they don’t count!

Thanks for this very interesting presentation Chris. Curious though, why you said there is no history of indigenous use of 5 MeO DMT and omitted the long history of use of shamanic snuffs (virola and A.peregrina)