Penny Wieser

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Attend #EGU26 without a registration fee😮?

If you have physical or mental #disabilities, are chronically ill or have faced barriers attending a #meeting, you can now participate in our Accessibility and Inclusivity Advisory Group by 23 January 2026.
👉: egu.eu/9PXKSQ
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Does it feel like it's mostly internationals missing? Or just everyone..I'm giving a final to 150 students today, hence I didn't go!

I love a Sunday emergency vet visit because the dog is stupid enough to have eaten a bee..very fortunate we live 10 mins from an emergency vet because it was swelling fast...

I think the problem is I've become totally soft to anything that isn't a nice 17-24C outside with a solid amount of sunshine if it's the lower end, and as a result now can't live anywhere but the bay area!

I have definitely become california soft. It has been anomalously cold (10-15C) during the day over the last week and I'm miserable. Keeping the house at 20C and yet so much colder than in the UK at 17C wearing the same clothes. Brrr. Do we really adapt to living somewhere warm?

I wouldn't replace it. My 2017 washing machine that came with the house just broke, repair guy said it did pretty well. Nothing I can see that's new gives any indication it will last more than 5 yrs.

I have no idea how I'm going to operate once my start up vanished given everything I buy for work seems to die the day it's warranty expires - stages, laptops, screens etc. the idea you can buy something for a career is just a joke. Repair costs are truly absurd for even the smallest things.

I am so done with planned obsolescence. This week our washer Got a repair guy out, looked at it (from a distance) looked the error codes I sent and said 'not worth fixing, that'll be $110 for the call out). No one will even look at our broken dehumidier....

It's bananas to me they don't actively put cops on bikes. I probably see 10 traffic infringements each day on my 15 min bike ride to work. At what, $100 per ticket, they could make serious bank

Honestly, given my interaction with a POS police officer who decided a bike was always responsible for a bike crash even when a car came into a bike lane, I think I would rather have interacted with chatgpt.

I would love to buy one! How much? I only brought very limited cash.

Whoops! Earth's oldest 'diamonds' actually polishing grit

It is indeed true. www.nbcnews.com/science/scie...

And to be pushed off the sofa! We end up with our Ikea sofa bed in sofa bed mode, else the dog takes up the entire width.

Amazing. What kinda scale are the grains?

This is amazing!! What's the gadget?

He then decided to tell me ebikes have to stop at stop signs. Sir, this happened in the middle of a street. Jesus christ, this is why no one reports stuff to the police.

Infact he kept telling me it wasn't possible for a car to turn left onto me. Why can't you use some intuition that if street view says a pic was taken in 2022 in a city putting in new bike infrastructure, maybe it's changed?! Surely the police have up to date maps

I said 'you mean cars hitting ebikes?', he said it was so clear he thinks a car cannot be at fault. He was looking at street view which has an old road layout 'maybe the guy didn't know there was a bike lane'. Sir, the road was painted bright green and has been for a year, he lives there...

I naively thought the police would want to hear my side of a car left hooking me. Victim shaming 100%. Moment I said I was on an e bike the officer said 'thats a car, you have to follow the rules of the road'. Sir, I was left hooked in a bike lane, travelling along. 'we have lots of ebike crashes'..

I saw it coming as he began to turn and did slow down, but couldn't stop fast enough and a last minute swerve meant I went over the handlebars. Skinned palms are so sore for not looking too bad injury wise.

E bike in front of a car on a bike line

Two bike accidents in 2 years, both cycling home from office hours. Can't decide if we should ban cars or ban office hours. Driver left hooked me across a two way cycle lane without even looking in his mirrors. Also second crash where helmet saved my head. #WearAHelmet #Lookinyourgoddamnmirrors

I also feel many of these numbers are entirely fabricated. You say 3 weeks to decision? Explain why every paper I've ever have submitted to you has sat on the editors desk for 4-6 weeks. I don't believe I'm that much of a statistical anomaly

Figure 12: Schematic diagram of Mauna Loa’s plumbing system informed by FI barometry, EBSD measurements, and geophysical constraints. Most of the olivine crystallization and magma storage occurs at ~2–6 km depth (likely centered at ~ 3 km). Olivine crystals with a range of Fo contents grow at variable depths in the reservoir. A proportion of these settle into mush piles, where gravitation loading results in intracrystalline deformation. Some of these olivines are remobilized and erupted as antecrysts, while others continue to migrate downrift, forming texturally mature dunites (e.g. sample 66, Gaffney, 2002). The exact location of where olivines become extremely deformed is unknown, so is shown schematically. Based on the tremor locations of Maher et al. (2023) extending upwards from ~3 km bgl beneath the 2022 eruption site, and the dyke injection at 4–8 km modelled by Amelung et al. (2007), we suggest that rift zone eruption sites are fed by dyke intrusion laterally into the rift zone, followed by near-vertical transport to the surface. The source of the lower Mg# orthopyroxene and low Fo olivines in summit eruptions is unclear; our limited FI data is consistent with storage at the top of the reservoir, but a second, shallower dike is hard to rule out (e.g. Lynn et al. 2024, Ellis et al., 2024).

We suggest that at both volcanoes the mush piles are as large as they can be, adding more olivine causes material to flow into the rift zones, and they are unable to get any larger without this happening. Overall, we think the plumbing system is dominated by one main reservoir at 3-5 km depth.

Comparison of deformation characteristics at Mauna Loa and Kīlauea. a) Cumulative distribution function showing the GOS for all grains with an equivalent radii > 100 µm. Individual Mauna Loa eruptions are shown as dotted lines. b) Histogram of GOS values for grains identified as visibly deformed at both volcanoes. The black horizontal lines at the top show the difference in GOS values for the same grain mapped on the Symmetry S3 (used for Mauna Loa) vs. the Bruker Flash (used for Kīlauea). c) Linear intercept distances for each volcano. The inset figure shows one example of how linear intercept distances are defined. d) proportion of each slip system classified using the methodology of Wieser et al. (2020).

Interesting, the degree of deformation (quantified by the grain orientation spread or linear intercept distances) and the proportion of diferent fabrics was very similar to Kīlauea. This is surprising - Mauna Loa is bigger, has been active much longer, so should have a more accumulated olivine.

Signatures of deformation in Mauna Loa olivines. The leftmost column shows an EBSD map with each pixel colored using an inverse-pole figure (IPF) key (inset) where the color shows both the magnitude and direction of the deviation from the mean orientation of the grain (defined as white), with black colors showing deviation in orientation from the mean by more than 3°. Deformation intensity visibly decreases with decreasing GOS from a-c, shown by colors getting less intense, and showing a narrower range of hues. The central column shows the WBVD, with [100] directions as blue, [010] as green, and [001] as red. Note, this is different from the WBVD color key used in Wieser et al. (2020), but this cannot be changed in the software Aztec Crystal. The rightmost column shows the misorientation axes across the black subgrain boundaries marked on the IPF map. The colorbar shows the intensity of the coloring, e.g. a value of 16 means the orientations are 16X more concentrated in that region than elsewhere.

We also looked at olivine deformation systematics. The picrites in particular show beautiful subgrains forming. By looking at the strike of subgrain boundaries, their weighted burgers vectors, and misorientation axes, we were able to identify the olivine slip systems responsible

The more observant will notice there is a LOT of scatter in SO2 mol%, and at a given pressure, some have SO2 and some dont. We think this is because of the sluggish diffusion of SO2, and rapid FI sealing off. Sarah Shi did a great job of modelling this. Takes minutes to get SO2 into the FI.

The higher mol% SO2 at a given pressure vs. Kīlauea is explained by SulfurX, and XANES measurements by Saper showing higher S6+ proportions. The early degassing accounts for the otherwise confusing precursory SO2 emissions reported by Ben Esse. I was so excited I saw this! doi.org/10.1007/s004...

The most exciting result is the fact that we found lots of SO2 in our Raman spectra - it is typically stated that SO2 only degasses in the upper few 100m in Hawaii (cyan DCompress model). Our data suggests it starts degassing at a few km. This is backed up by newer models (e.g. SulfurX)....3/N

Distribution of pressures and depths obtained from FI. a) We show each eruption as a violin plot, with a horizontal line and an offset dot representing each individual FI. b) FI depths and pressures from Kīlauea for comparison (data from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea from DeVitre and Wieser, 2024, and the 2023 eruption from DeVitre et al., 2024). c) All non-xenolithic FI from Mauna Loa combined (in grey). We also show just FI with no SO2 peaks (in cyan). d) Compilation of geophysical estimates of magma storage (Amelung et al., 2007; Decker et al., 1983; Johnson, 1995; Varugu and Amelung, 2021; Yun et al., 2005).

Our fluid inclusion storage depths are remarkably consistent across eruptions spanning 10 kyrs, and align extremely well with geophysical estimates of magma storage. They are a bit deeper than Kīlauea (centered at 3 km vs. 1-2 km). Seems shield stage magma storage is stable once established. 2/N

Pictures of fluid inclusions in olivine and pyroxene

Second open access Mauna Loa paper available! Here we investigate storage depths and degassing systematics using fluid inclusions, and olivine deformation using EBSD in lavas and tephras from 7 eruptions (1852-2022). TLDR: SO2 degasses earlier than expected doi.org/10.1007/s004...