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Alex Rubinsteyn

@alexr

personalized cancer immunotherapy = genomics + immunology + machine learning + oncology (pirl.unc.edu)

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Latest posts by Alex Rubinsteyn @alexr

Friday Night Futureposting

ASOs/siRNA & mRNA therapies are baby steps into a much broader world of tissue targeted RNA modulation

More of this gene, less of that one but only in cells with X surface marker but without Y miRNA

07.03.2026 02:45 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

How much of a dinosaur genome can you reconstruct from comparative interpolation up the phylogenetic tree from more primitive birds (to a root of emus, cassowaries, &c) and down from common ancestor of crocodilians, turtles &c?

(evolutionary protein LMs, do your thing)

06.03.2026 17:11 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

...and do they ever get colonized by a genetically distinct sub-unit? Are there chimeric man-o-wars?

06.03.2026 16:45 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

...if siphonophores are clonal and cooperate enough to look like a single animal externally, why aren't they just considered a very compartmentalized multi-cellular organism? What's different?

06.03.2026 16:44 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Why is IPD-MHC so spotty? Where do I find a sequence collection of snake or frog MHCs? Or is this just poorly mapped biology with too few known genes/alleles to make it worth adding to a database?

06.03.2026 01:13 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

If you squint at common vaccine LNPs their composition isn't dramatically different from the lipids of a cell membrane (mostly cholesterol, choline phospholipids, minority helper vs sphingolipids)

So what's the napkin math count of lipid molecules per fat blob? ~10^9 vs. ~10^5?

04.03.2026 18:40 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0

CLAUDE.md based on this thread: x.com/bcherny/stat...

04.03.2026 17:25 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Is PCSK9 a vestigial protein?

Which other ones are disposable in a modern nutritional context?

04.03.2026 16:17 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

I’m sure this is barbarically primitive but my current coding setup is one terminal tab per repo with Claude Code (Opus high) and a Boris CLAUDE.md with some tweaks and nudges for bio research (occasionally breaking out Codex xhigh for mathier focused debugging)

04.03.2026 03:27 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Persian/Iranian book recs?

03.03.2026 14:42 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0

I guess a distant #3 is replacing 99% of white collar / knowledge work with subscription based intelligence, but I think that's much more commoditizable and long term less profitable than #1/#2 (so not where companies that have soaked up so much investment can dwell too long)

02.03.2026 19:08 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

AI endgame is a macro "kill every human autonomous bot swarm" super-weapon and micro "kill every pathogen & misbehaving cell" generative medicine immortality box.

Unclear whether same company will own both.

(but if Anthropic is opting out of #1, they have to do #2)

02.03.2026 19:06 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

I dunno, but it’s the kind of hubris that kicked our butts in Hammer Lab

25.02.2026 15:44 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

β€œSuppose it takes a year for the clinical trials to work before you’re getting revenue from drugs”

LOL

25.02.2026 14:39 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Making myself finish the Dario/Dwarkesh podcast bc it feels important to hear a main character interview but…it’s surprisingly thin. Maybe I’m already too familiar with his essays and he’s otherwise holding cards close?

25.02.2026 14:28 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 3 πŸ“Œ 1

open-source the means of production

16.02.2026 12:45 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Starting to see cracks emerging all over the traditional models of drug development, clinical trials, treatment/delivery, β€œreimbursement”.

It’s chaotic but generally patient agency seems to be increasing alongside rate of medical progress.

Like emerging from a long dark tunnel

15.02.2026 00:01 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Emotionally, going from CS to biomed is rough.

Everything is slower, hierarchical, bureaucratized, entrained in Byzantine incentive structures, pay is bad for important roles bc of a tax on passion, public comms obfuscates behind concern for patients, &c

15.02.2026 00:00 πŸ‘ 6 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
Preview
A small polymerase ribozyme that can synthesize itself and its complementary strand The emergence of a chemical system capable of self-replication and evolution is a critical event in the origin of life. RNA polymerase ribozymes can replicate RNA, but their large size and structural ...

word of the day: eutectic ice

www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12448990/

12.02.2026 19:05 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 1
Post image

Trial was revised many times, some of which look deeply confounding

eg v6 to v7 changed trial from observational to interventional and from immunotherapy alone to immunochemotherapy

13.02.2026 01:06 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

@quaidmorris.bsky.social want to collab? We have a long read RNA variant extraction tool that gives me all differences from reference in long read single cell RNA seq.

I want to pull this apart into {somatic, germline, noise} by EM (alternating with cell clustering). Does this already exist?

12.02.2026 17:56 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Luckily/unluckily the trial looks very unsound

12.02.2026 15:23 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

If you want any kind of say in what kinds of social rules and norms get put around a new technology you have to at least understand what it is.

Like, cars had a hideously distorting effect on the urban fabric of most countries but there’s no way you to mitigate that outcome by denying they go fast

12.02.2026 15:17 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Like, agriculture was like this (read Against the Grain), creating both oppressive social hierarchy and ecological destruction. Pastoralism / animal husbandry was even more ecologically destructive. Mining, metallurgy, industrial manufacturing, fossil fuels, plastics, &c

12.02.2026 15:13 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Yes!

We live atop a big stack of very destructive and society-rearranging technologies which are also inseparable from our material culture and standards of comfort. I guess a new one can be hard to think clearly about but there’s so much precedent.

12.02.2026 15:10 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

I don’t understand why it’s difficult though.

Like, you can just try out all the tools and see what they’re good at, then think a little bit about the consequences

The social direction will be hyper-oligarchy -because- the tools are useful. If someone can’t see that it’s very weird

12.02.2026 15:01 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Moralizing AI to the point of refusing to understand it seems like such a political miss.

Biggest realignment of capital / labor / social norms & institutions in a long time…

12.02.2026 14:29 πŸ‘ 5 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

I don’t think that’s quite right though, my Max & Pro subscriptions are squarely opex, just not wages. It’s turning labor into SaaS opex (except for the handful of companies serving the models, who have to spend a Manhattan project on capex)

12.02.2026 14:24 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

I think this will be a big unlock for us.

Working on: EM alternating estimation of cluster membership vs variant category assignment

12.02.2026 14:18 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

And, not just recycling cliches or circularly referencing a pile of claims based on that one time someone tried 4o and it was somehow immoral

Like, who’s got Codex running in six tabs but is also talking about the social trend lines or even organizing towards the coming challenges?

12.02.2026 01:54 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0