BehavEcolPapers

Rejuvenation of the Aged Cerebrovascular System via Protein Corona-Guided Fusogenic Liposome Delivery Brain vascular aging is increasingly recognized as a critical therapeutic target for age-related cognitive decline. Oxidative stress, bioenergetic dysfunction, and molecular damage play central roles in the progression of vascular aging, contributing to cerebrovascular dysfunction and impaired cognitive function. While naturally occurring polyphenols such as resveratrol (RSV) have demonstrated potential in mitigating aging-related pathologies, their poor bioavailability and limited brain targeting efficiency significantly constrain their therapeutic impact. As a result, high doses or advanced drug delivery strategies are necessary to achieve meaningful physiological effects. We introduce a novel nanocarrier system designed to enhance RSV delivery to the cerebral endothelium by leveraging the natural formation of an apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-enriched protein corona around fusogenic liposomes (FL) in vivo. These nanoparticles directly fuse with cytoplasmic cell membranes and thus evade endocytosis. We found that once in the circulation FL spontaneously acquire a protein corona, which is highly enriched in ApoE, a key ligand for brain endothelial low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). Based on this observation, we engineered an ApoE-functionalized protein corona around FL (ApoE-FL) to systematically evaluate whether this mechanism could be exploited for targeted brain delivery. Following optimization and physicochemical characterization, the RSV-loaded liposomes were evaluated in vitro using human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and in vivo C57BL/6 aged mice to assess their therapeutic potential. Both FL and engineered ApoE-FL liposomal delivery systems exhibited a strong affinity for endothelial cell membranes in vitro. The knockdown of the ApoE receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), significantly reduced liposomal docking. Microscopy analysis revealed that both ApoE-FL and non-functionalized FL directly fused with endothelial plasma membranes, thus bypassing intracellular organelles and minimizing lysosomal degradation. This suggests that the naturally formed ApoE corona in vivo may contribute to efficient cerebrovascular targeting, a property successfully replicated by the engineered ApoE corona strategy. In vivo biodistribution and kinetic studies demonstrated that especially ApoE-FL achieved enhanced brain-targeting efficiency, prolonged cerebrovascular retention, and extended targeting distance along the arteriovenous axis. This emphasizes that fusogenic liposomes effectively engage almost the entire microvascular network, including capillaries and post-capillary venules. Functionally, fusogenic liposome-delivered RSV improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, enhanced neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses, and promoted brain vascularization in aged mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed enhanced endothelial angiogenesis and barrier protective transcriptional profiles in cerebrovascular cells treated with ApoE-FL/RSV, suggesting a molecular basis for the observed vascular benefits. Liposomal RSV delivery achieved near-complete cerebrovascular and cognitive rejuvenation in aged mice applying a 2000-fold lower RSV dose than oral administration used as control sample. Thus, ApoE-FL liposomes exhibited exceptionally high delivery efficiency in deeper brain regions, further expanding their therapeutic potential. These findings underscore the importance of targeted drug delivery in optimizing therapeutic outcomes and establish ApoE-functionalized fusogenic liposomes as a promising strategy for mitigating brain vascular aging and cognitive decline.

Rejuvenation of the Aged Cerebrovascular System via Protein Corona-Guided Fusogenic Liposome Delivery bioRxivpreprint

The #evolution of sex differences in competitive and social dream content HormBehav

Three new Pristimantis species in the subgenus Huicundomantis (Amphibia: Anura: Strabomantidae) from Reserva Biológica Cerro Plateado, southern Ecuador We describe three new species of direct-developing frogs of the genus Pristimantis, subgenus Huicundomantis, from the Reserva Biológica Cerro Plateado in southern Ecuador, one of the most biodiverse yet least explored regions of the Cordillera del Cóndor. Combining molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data, we provide diagnoses and phylogenetic placements for Pristimantis verrucosus sp. nov., P. plateado sp. nov., and P. melanops sp. nov. The first two species are placed within the P. cryptomelas species group, while the third belongs to the P. phoxocephalus group. The new species can be readily distinguished from their local congeners by the following combination of traits: P. verrucosus sp. nov. exhibits a coarsely tuberculate dorsum and flanks, lacks dermal folds or ridges in the occipital/scapular region, has a distinct tympanic annulus and membrane, low cranial crests, Toe V longer than Toe III, and males possess a vocal sac and slits; P. plateado sp. nov. has a silver or light bronze iris, lacks dermal folds or ridges in the occipital/scapular region, a rounded snout in dorsal and lateral views, a distinct tympanic annulus and membrane, Toe V longer than Toe III, and males lack a vocal sac and slits; P. melanops sp. nov. is characterized by a uniquely blackish iris with a white circumpupillary ring and coarsely pustulate flanks. Additionally, we provide the first description of the advertisement call for a species in the P. cryptomelas group, thereby contributing novel bioacoustic data for a clade in which vocalizations were previously unknown. All three species are endemic to a single locality and two exhibit ecological specialization, being bromeliad specialists. Given their extremely restricted distributions and the ongoing threat of habitat degradation from illegal mining activities close to their distribution site, we recommend that all three species be listed as Critically Endangered under IUCN criteria.

Three new Pristimantis species in the subgenus Huicundomantis (Amphibia: Anura: Strabomantidae) from Reserva Biológica Cerro Plateado, southern Ecuador @peerj.bsky.social

Thermal-state-dependent control of body temperature and feeding by two intra-hypothalamic pathways Bouaouda et al. identify VMPOLepR projections to the PVH and DMH as intra-hypothalamic circuits linking thermal state to energy balance. These pathways are required for thermoregulation under heat stress and influence feeding behavior.

Thermal-state-dependent control of body temperature and feeding by two intra-hypothalamic pathways CurrentBiology

Sex-determination cascade orchestrates male-male pheromone synthesis in the bean bug Volatile pheromones are vital for insect intraspecific communication, yet the genetic basis of homosexual recognition remains elusive. In the bean bug Riptortus pedestris, we show that two previously identified aggregation pheromone components, (E)-2-hexenyl-(Z)-3-hexenoate (E2HZ3H) and (E)-2-hexenyl-(E)-2-hexenoate (E2HE2H), serve as key chemosensory cues for male-male recognition during mate selection. Their biosynthesis is governed by the sex determination cascade Rpfmd-Rpdsx. The male specific isoform Rpdsx_M promotes pheromone production in males and induces ectopic synthesis in females upon knockdown of the feminizing switch gene Rpfmd. Knockdown of Rpdsx_M in males abolishes both compounds, prompting wild type males to court them as if they were females. Metathoracic gland cells act as the production hub. Behaviourally, E2HZ3H or E2HE2H disrupt mating when applied to females: males avoid such females. E2HZ3H reduces female mobility in the presence of the male derived primary aggregation pheromone tetradecyl isobutyrate (14:iBu), whereas E2HE2H shows no obvious such effect. These differential effects ensure mating accuracy. The discovery of volatile pheromones functioning in male-male recognition and of their synthesis being governed by the sex determination cascade updates our understanding of mating accuracy in insect chemical communication.

Sex-determination cascade orchestrates male-male pheromone synthesis in the bean bug bioRxivpreprint

How an all-female fish species defies evolutionary expectations Nature, Published online: 11 March 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-00493-0Asexual reproduction should be an evolutionary dead end. A study of asexual fish shows that a genetic ‘copy and paste’ helps to overcome the predicted costs of asexuality.

How an all-female fish species defies evolutionary expectations @Nature.com

Expanding invasive species impact assessments to the ecosystem level with EEICAT @PLOSBiology.org

ICYMI: The role of amygdala GABA neurons in controlling stress and reproduction in female #mice @natcomms.nature.com

Design of miniprotein inhibitors targeting complement C9 to block membrane attack complex assembly @natcomms.nature.com

Sequencing of distinct wing behaviors during Drosophila courtship Li et al. characterize “waggling,” a rhythmic, anti-phase wing behavior in courting Drosophila males that forms part of a stereotyped three-step sequence: stillness, waggling, then singing. Optogenetic activation of P1/pC1 neuronal subsets recapitulates the entire progression in solitary males, revealing that internal dynamics can generate the multi-action behavioral sequence.

Sequencing of distinct wing behaviors during Drosophila courtship CurrentBiology

Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 315: The Interplay of Morphosyntax and Verbal and Nonverbal Short-Term Memory in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome Down syndrome (DS) is associated with persistent language impairments that extend beyond early childhood, yet evidence from agglutinative languages remains limited. While morphosyntactic weaknesses have been well-documented in Indo-European languages, less is known about how such difficulties are manifested in Turkish, a language in which grammatical relations are primarily marked through morphology. In addition, short-term memory (STM) limitations, particularly in verbal domains, are characteristic of DS and may contribute to language outcomes. This study examined the interaction between morphosyntax and STM in Turkish-speaking children and adolescents with DS. A cross-sectional observational design was employed, including 12 monolingual Turkish-speaking participants with DS (aged 6;7–15;11) and 10 TD peers matched on nonverbal mental age. Participants completed standardized assessments of syntax and morphology, spontaneous language sampling, and STM tasks assessing verbal and visual memory. Children with DS performed significantly below controls on syntactic comprehension and production as well as morphological measures, with larger effects observed for syntax. Noun morphology was less accurate than verb morphology, likely reflecting increased morphophonological complexity. Regression analyses indicated that auditory digit span predicted sentence comprehension, whereas nonword repetition predicted morphological production indexed by mean length of utterance in morphemes. Substantial inter-individual variability was observed within the DS group. These findings suggest that morphosyntactic outcomes in Turkish-speaking children with DS are closely linked to verbal STM capacities and vary considerably across individuals, underscoring the importance of integrated assessment and individualized intervention planning. Future research with larger samples is warranted to confirm and extend these preliminary findings. Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited sample size and are presented as preliminary descriptive evidence. This study provides initial data on Turkish-speaking individuals with Down syndrome.

Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 315: The Interplay of Morphosyntax and Verbal and Nonverbal Short-Term Memory in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome BehSciMDPI

Cannabidiol dose modulates behavioral response to acute and repeated administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol by strain and sex Cannabis contains many bioactive compounds, including {Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which influence behavior through complex pharmacological interactions with endogenous targets. This study examines whether CBD influences THC-induced changes in motor activity, hypothermia, and antinociception traits across different THC:CBD ratios, sexes, and genetic backgrounds. Traits were measured in C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice of both sexes following baseline intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of vehicle (VEH) and two consecutive daily doses of VEH or THC (10 mg/kg) alone or in combination with 0.56, 5, or 10 mg/kg CBD (THC:0.56CBD, THC:5CBD, or THC:10CBD, respectively). Motor activity and hypothermia were quantified daily from 0 to 120 min following injection and antinociception was measured daily at 60 min. We found that CBD alters THC-induced changes in motor activity and hypothermia as a function of day, dose, time, sex, and strain. In D2 females, CBD dose-dependently attenuated the hypolocomotor effects of THC immediately following acute injection and enhanced these effects later at 75 min. Following repeated exposure, CBD dose-dependently enhanced THC-induced hypolocomotion in B6 females at 75 min and in D2 males at 30 min while attenuating THC-induced hypolocomotion in D2 females immediately following injection. In D2 females, CBD dose-dependently attenuated THC-induced hypothermia at 15 min and enhanced hypothermia relative to THC at 30 min in D2 males following acute injection. After repeated exposure, CBD dose-dependently enhanced THC-induced hypothermia in B6 females at 15 min and in D2 males from 30 to 120 mins, while attenuating hypothermia in D2 females at 30 min. No significant effects of CBD on antinociception were observed. Our results indicate that CBD can modulate some THC-induced traits acutely and after repeated exposure. Regulation of THC-induced behavioral responses is dependent on CBD dose, genetic background, and sex. A candidate gene search using brain gene expression in recombinant inbred mice revealed greater genetic variation in ion channel genes relative to key metabolic genes, suggesting an underlying pharmacodynamic mechanism. Future research and validation of molecular mechanisms underlying these differences is expected to enhance our understanding of potential health risks and clinical relevance of cannabis and cannabinoid compounds containing THC and CBD.

Cannabidiol dose modulates behavioral response to acute and repeated administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol by strain and sex bioRxivpreprint

Impact of reducing the duration of fasting and no drinking on the experiences of older patients receiving painless gastroscopy: a randomized controlled trial Background Before undergoing painless gastroscopy, patients are required to fast and no drinking for at least 4 h which is unpleasant for older patients. Objective The aim of this study is to increase the preprocedural comfort of older patients by reducing the duration of fasting and no drinking before painless gastroscopy while ensuring safety. Methods Older patients aged more than 65 years who underwent painless gastroscopy were randomly allocated to the study group (n = 452) and the control group (n = 452). Those in the study group consumed 250 ml of opaque liquid 4 h prior to painless gastroscopy and 250 ml of water 2 h before the procedure. Those in the control group consumed the same food and water as those in the study group for 6–8 and 4 h, respectively. The primary outcome was patient comfort before the examination. The secondary outcomes included safety, gastroscopy effect and satisfaction in each group. All outcomes were analyzed using both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) approaches. Results In the study group, the incidence of thirst, hunger, dizziness, and fatigue before gastroscopy was significantly lower than that in the control group (33.4% vs. 42.7%, 20.1% vs. 28.1%, 3.1% vs. 7.5% and 4.9% vs. 11.7%, respectively; all P < 0.01). However, in the gastroscopic assessments of both groups, only a small fraction of the patients exhibited gastric reflux, gastric fluid or food retention, aspiration pneumonia (2.0% vs. 0.9%, 4.4% vs. 3.1%, 1.5% vs. 1.1%, 0.4% vs. 0.2%, respectively; all P > 0.05).Additionally, there was no difference in visual field clarity between the two groups (1.00 (1.00, 2.00) vs. 1.00 (1.00, 2.00), P > 0.05), but the satisfaction of the study group was significantly greater than that of the control group (97.00 (96.00, 99.00) vs. 93.00 (92.00, 95.00), P < 0.01). Conclusion In this random trial of older patients undergoing painless gastroscopy, ingestion of 250 ml opaque liquid 4 h before, followed by 250 ml water 2 h before, improved pre-procedure comfort and patient satisfaction compared with conventional fasting. We observed no statistically significant increase in clinically identified gastric reflux, aspiration, or impaired endoscopic field clarity; however, the incidence of such adverse events was low, and the trial was not powered to exclude small increases in rare but serious complications. Larger studies would be required to definitively establish safety equivalence.

Impact of reducing the duration of fasting and no drinking on the experiences of older patients receiving painless gastroscopy: a randomized controlled trial @peerj.bsky.social

Broad skill generalization with an extra robotic body part Molina-Sanchez et al. show that after 7 days of training with an extra robotic digit, motor skill generalizes across tasks, body postures, and body parts used to wear or control the device. Training reduces cognitive load and increases sense of agency, yet generalization alone does not predict voluntary device use.

Broad skill generalization with an extra robotic body part CurrentBiology

Introduction to the special issue on “Nuance and novelty in the #behavioral neuroendocrinology of hormonal contraceptives” HormBehav

Surface texture guides egg-laying decisions in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes Mosquitoes undergo development as aquatic larvae and pupae before emerging as terrestrial adults. Accordingly, blood-fed and mated female mosquitoes must select an appropriate egg-laying site to maximize the fitness of their offspring. Female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) lay their eggs above the waterline of small containers or natural bodies of water, where they can remain dormant for many months until they are submerged and hatch. Here, we show that female mosquitoes use surface texture as a powerful cue to guide egg-laying decisions, selecting rougher textures over smooth when choosing among containers and when selecting specific sites within a given substrate. In addition, we identify an interaction between substrate texture and water salinity with respect to egg-laying decisions, demonstrating that female mosquitoes integrate competing cues to determine the ultimate suitability of an egg-laying site. Finally, we explore the dynamics of local egg-laying search behaviour, demonstrating that texture modulates traversal speed while mosquitoes search for appropriate egg-laying sites.

Surface texture guides egg-laying decisions in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes bioRxivpreprint

Gut microbes affect cognition during ageing Nature, Published online: 11 March 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-00492-1As mice age, changes in the microorganisms in their guts contribute to cognitive decline by altering signalling between the gut and brain.

Gut microbes affect cognition during ageing @Nature.com

Early Versus Delayed Cranioplasty After Decompressive Craniectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Brain and Behavior, Volume 16, Issue 3, March 2026.

Early Versus Delayed Cranioplasty After Decompressive Craniectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Br&Beh

Correction: #brain signal complexity tracks mind-wandering and visual perceptual learning SciReports

Uncovering Hidden Predators: Thermal Drone Detection of Antarctic Fur Seals in Tussac Grass at South Georgia Ecology and Evolution, Volume 16, Issue 3, March 2026.

Uncovering Hidden Predators: Thermal Drone Detection of Antarctic Fur Seals in Tussac Grass at South Georgia Ecol&Evol

The depression-like state in Bst1/Cd157 knock-out #mice is attenuated by double knock-out with Cd38 Phys&Beh

Social interactions in medaka fish depend on discrete kinematic states of swimming #behavior Harpaz et al. analyze collective swimming in medaka and show that continuous locomotion can be segmented into discrete kinematic states. State-dependent computational modeling reveals distinct social information processing in each state, with social responsiveness strongest during prolonged constant-speed swimming.

Social interactions in medaka fish depend on discrete kinematic states of swimming #behavior CurrentBiology

Bumble bees that follow a stricter routine innovate less: Foraging behaviors, environmental complexity, and how they relate to novel problem solving The ability of animals to innovate - solve novel problems - can shape their ecology and evolution. Here we investigate how individual traits and environmental complexity relate to successful solving of a novel problem. We presented foraging bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) with artificial flowers of not-previously-encountered shapes and recorded the bees' latency to access nectar. We measured individual foraging traits across multiple trips with simple flowers that did not require innovation, and bees were foraging either in a simple or complex environment (cluttered flight arena). Bees in complex environments took longer to find and were less likely to land on novel flowers, indicating that environmental complexity may take up cognitive resources and make search more difficult. However, we did not find an effect of environmental treatment on the ability or time to access reward in novel flowers once bees had landed on them. In contrast, behavioral traits significantly predicted how quickly bees 'solved' novel flowers. In particular, overall foraging tempo as well as routine formation, i.e. how much bees followed a fixed route on known flowers, predicted innovation - faster bees innovated faster, and bees with more repetitive foraging sequences were slower to solve the novel tasks. Overall, while the degree of evolutionary 'novelty' in tasks or solutions is always hard to evaluate, our findings demonstrate that environment and individual traits may affect innovation in different ways. Individuals in simple environments may be more likely to detect, and individuals that are generally faster and have a lower tendency to develop fixed routines may be more likely to solve, novel tasks.

Bumble bees that follow a stricter routine innovate less: Foraging behaviors, environmental complexity, and how they relate to novel problem solving bioRxivpreprint

Persistent genetic connectivity in caribou may buffer against inbreeding effects The Mulchatna Caribou Herd (MCH) in southwest Alaska has undergone significant demographic fluctuations, with a 94% decline over the past three decades, reducing the population from an estimated 200,000 to 13,000 individuals. This decline and concurrent range contraction, coupled with radio-telemetry and global positioning system (GPS)-collar studies, revealed indications of herd substructure. Females showed fidelity to one of two spatially distinct calving aggregations (designated as east and west), an attribute typically used to define individual herds in Alaska, and to three breeding areas within the greater MCH range (designated east, central, and west). To assess the genetic consequences of the population decline and apparent spatial substructuring, we analyzed genotyping-by-sequencing data from 121 adult female caribou. We found no strong genetic differentiation between east, central, and west subgroups, suggesting that the herd currently functions as a single genetic population despite observed spatial structuring during breeding and calving. In addition, we found no significant levels of inbreeding, likely due to the previously large population size. Overall, our results support the idea that the movement of the MCH is best characterized by a spatially structured but genetically cohesive population, in which connectivity between migratory and nonmigratory groups occurs over a large geographic range.

Persistent genetic connectivity in caribou may buffer against inbreeding effects @peerj.bsky.social

Repeated #evolution of supergenes on an ancient social chromosome Lajmi et al. describe a novel supergene associated with social structure in desert ants. Surprisingly, this supergene evolved on an ancient chromosome that also evolved an analogous supergene in fire ants. This suggests that this chromosome contains a pre-adapted “genetic toolkit” that was repeatedly used for social evolution.

Repeated #evolution of supergenes on an ancient social chromosome CurrentBiology

Microplastics influence size-selected zebrafish #behavior Plastic pollution represents a major contemporary threat to aquatic ecosystems, with well-documented consequences for organismal performance and fitness across numerous taxa, including fishes. Importantly, plastic-derived stress does not occur in isolation, but interacts with other anthropogenic pressures such as size-selective harvesting, which can impose strong directional selection on life-history and behavioural traits. In this study, we exposed three experimentally evolved selection lines: large-harvested, small-harvested, and randomly harvested to microplastic contamination and quantified effects on growth and behaviour over a 14-day period. Microplastic exposure reduced boldness and exploratory activity while simultaneously increasing feeding probability and feeding frequency. Prior size-selective harvesting influenced only exploratory behaviour, suggesting that most behavioural responses to microplastics are robust to previous evolutionary history. We detected no effect of microplastics on growth, potentially due to compensatory increases in feeding behaviour. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that microplastic exposure alters key behavioural traits across genetically divergent fish lines and contribute to a broader understanding of how multiple anthropogenic stressors may interact to shape population dynamics in rapidly changing environments.

Microplastics influence size-selected zebrafish #behavior bioRxivpreprint

Marriage of adolescent girls in Nigeria reduced by 80% by ‘big push’ intervention Nature, Published online: 11 March 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-00720-8A locally tailored, big-push intervention to educate unmarried adolescent girls in 18 communities in northern Nigeria reduced rates of marriage from 86% to just 21%. Interventions that address complex, entrenched social problems from various angles simultaneously might be considerably more effective than smaller-scale, cheaper alternatives are.

Marriage of adolescent girls in Nigeria reduced by 80% by ‘big push’ intervention @Nature.com

Glutamatergic projections from the substantia nigra pars reticulata to the dorsal raphe nucleus regulate male social hierarchies by Yanzhu Fan, Shaoxiang Ge, Lidi Lu, Wenjun Niu, Zhiyue Wang, Xiaoguo Jiao, Guangzhan Fang Social hierarchy constitutes a fundamental organizational characteristic among various social species, significantly influencing individual survival, health, and reproductive success within these societies. Neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) exhibit extensive connectivity with the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a critical structure implicated in social interaction, reward processing, and the establishment of social rank. However, the specific neuronal types within the SNr, as well as the associated neural circuits that regulate social dominance, remain inadequately characterized. This study aims to elucidate the crucial role of SNr glutamatergic (SNrGlu) neurons in the establishment and maintenance of social hierarchy in male mice. Employing fiber photometry, we observed that the activation of SNrGlu neurons increased during the initiation of effortful behaviors in the tube test. Further investigations revealed that optogenetic activation or chemogenetic inhibition of the SNrGlu neurons induced upward or downward shifts in social ranks, respectively. Additionally, our findings indicate that the activation of SNr glutamatergic terminals in DRN elevates social status and reduces anxiety levels in mice. Collectively, these results broaden our understanding of the functions associated with SNrGlu neurons and underscore their critical role in regulating social hierarchy among male mice. This work enhances our understanding of the functions of SNrGlu neurons in both physiological contexts and neurological disorders.

Glutamatergic projections from the substantia nigra pars reticulata to the dorsal raphe nucleus regulate male social hierarchies @PLOSBiology.org

Associative learning in bumble bees is disrupted by high trace metal concentrations AnimBeh

Precise, individualized foraging flights in honeybees revealed by multicopter drone-based tracking Stentiford et al. use a multicopter drone to record three-dimensional trajectories of experienced honeybees as they make foraging trips between the hive and feeder. Individual bees follow strikingly precise, idiosyncratic flight paths, revealing personalized strategies for navigating complex, obstacle-rich landscapes.

Precise, individualized foraging flights in honeybees revealed by multicopter drone-based tracking CurrentBiology