Indicators of Global Climate Change 2024: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence
Abstract. In a rapidly changing climate, evidence-based decision-making benefits from up-to-date and timely information. Here we compile monitoring datasets (published at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15639576; Smith et al., 2025a) to produce updated estimates for key indicators of the state of the climate system: net emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers, greenhouse gas concentrations, radiative forcing, the Earth's energy imbalance, surface temperature changes, warming attributed to human activities, the remaining carbon budget, and estimates of global temperature extremes. This year, we additionally include indicators for sea-level rise and land precipitation change. We follow methods as closely as possible to those used in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group One report. The indicators show that human activities are increasing the Earth's energy imbalance and driving faster sea-level rise compared to the AR6 assessment. For the 2015β2024 decade average, observed warming relative to 1850β1900 was 1.24 [1.11 to 1.35]βΒ°C, of which 1.22 [1.0 to 1.5]βΒ°C was human-induced. The 2024-observed best estimate of global surface temperature (1.52βΒ°C) is well above the best estimate of human-caused warming (1.36βΒ°C). However, the 2024 observed warming can still be regarded as a typical year, considering the human-induced warming level and the state of internal variability associated with the phase of El NiΓ±o and Atlantic variability. Human-induced warming has been increasing at a rate that is unprecedented in the instrumental record, reaching 0.27 [0.2β0.4]βΒ°C per decade over 2015β2024. This high rate of warming is caused by a combination of greenhouse gas emissions being at an all-time high of 53.6Β±5.2βGtβCO2eβyrβ1 over the last decade (2014β2023), as well as reductions in the strength of aerosol cooling. Despite this, there is evidence that the rate of increase in CO2 emissions over the last decade has slowed compared to the 2000s, and depending on societal choices, a continued series of these annual updates over the critical 2020s decade could track decreases or increases in the rate of the climatic changes presented here.
Our new paper updating key metrics in the IPCC is now out, and the news is grim:
β¬οΈ Human induced warming now at 1.36C
β¬οΈ Rate of warming now 0.27C / decade
β¬οΈ Sharp increase in Earth's energy imbalance
β¬οΈ Remaining 1.5C carbon budget only 130 GtCO2
essd.copernicus.org/...
18.06.2025 23:10
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Drowning Doesnβt Look Like Drowning
Drowning is not the violent, splashing call for help that most people expect.
Thanks for the reminder @janemunday.bsky.social. Every summer, I repost this article DROWNING DOES NOT LOOK LIKE DROWNING. To date, I know of FOUR kids who were saved after someone who'd clicked on the link learnt how to spot actual drowning. Take time to read and pass on.
slate.com/technology/2...
19.06.2025 16:21
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Screenshot of https://theconversation.com/solar-panels-shade-helps-boost-colorado-grassland-productivity-in-dry-years-257082
Interesting study reported here: While the grasslands under these panels grew slower in average and wet years, the grass grew much better in dry years - suggesting the panelsβ shade and precipitation concentrating effects helped the grass growβ¦
01.06.2025 04:33
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π‘π Build Smarter, Cleaner Digital Products
Join @FranΓ§ois Burra & Pascal Joly for a session on sustainable product + AI design. For product, design & dev teams ready to lead responsibly. June 18 at 9.00 am PT
www.terra.do/events/A-Pro...
#SustainableTech #DigitalDecarbonization
30.05.2025 07:06
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π Climate Reporting Just Got Real
New laws (CA, EU & more) mean disclosure isnβt optional anymore. Join Katherine Markova to decode IFRS, CSRD, SB 253/261 & more. June 17th at 8.00 am PT
www.terra.do/events/Navig...
#Sustainability #ESG #ClimateRisk
30.05.2025 07:06
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We have some brilliant events coming up.....
π± How Green is Your Cloud?
Join Pascal Joly for a no-fluff session on cutting emissions in cloud systems. Built for engineers & tech teams. June 11 at 8.00 am PT
www.terra.do/events/Green...
#SustainableTech #GreenCloud #ClimateAction
30.05.2025 07:06
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Railway line
This morning on my 6km run in SG
28.05.2025 02:39
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Lemon tree beehive
Bees have found a new home in the lemon tree.
The bees found a new home in the lemon tree and we have to finally call the bee hive remover dude π
28.05.2025 02:38
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Meme
Just amazing π€©
22.05.2025 05:51
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Ugandan Communities Say Totalβs Oil Project Is More of a Land Grab than a Development Opportunity
Investigating the obstacles to action on climate change.
Even very reasonable requests like "sure you can have my land for your pipeline, but could you move me nearby so my kids don't have to change schools?" have been ignored by TotalEnergies as it builds a pipeline it promises will solve poverty in Uganda π drilled.media/news/uganda-...
15.05.2025 01:05
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The Trumps Get Richer
So much corruption it's hard to keep track. @ericlipton.nytimes.com summarizes some of the biggest ways that the Trump family is getting rich while he is President. @nytimes.com www.nytimes.com/2025/05/14/b...
15.05.2025 01:06
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Clouds in SG
Morning sun in Singapore
This morningβs run bearing fruit
15.05.2025 01:16
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RFK Jr. said multiple times during his house and senate hearings today that no scientists have been fired from federal agencies. Our reporting has shown that hundreds, if not thousands, of scientists have been let go from NIH/CDC/FDA
15.05.2025 00:11
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Was curious to know how the event progressed! Thanks for sharing ππ½
10.05.2025 04:55
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The WH scrubbed these online enviro mapping tools. So volunteers tried creating them.
EPA EJScreen: pedp-ejscreen.azurewebsites.net
CEQ CJEST: edgi-govdata-archiving.github.io/j40-cejst-2/...
FEMA Future Risk Index: fulton-ring.github.io/nri-future-r...
My story: www.bloomberg.com/news/article...
07.05.2025 13:24
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2025's $318 billion climate disaster bill makes resilience a bargain
Β
If the current trends continue, the world could face $145 billion in insured losses caused by climate-related natural disasters in 2025, according to Swiss Re - a 6% raise on the 2024 figures. This is above the cost in 2024, $137 billion, and well above long-term averages. When including non-insured losses, the bill totals $318 billion in total.
Uh, yes?
07.05.2025 13:20
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Thereβs so much happening right now, I thought Iβd put together a running thread on the dismantling of #climate and research and knowledge infrastructure in the United States π§΅
07.05.2025 12:11
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Sunset in SG
This evening in Singapore
06.05.2025 11:16
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Flowers
Doorway guards
Singapore things
04.05.2025 07:35
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Singapore
Morning run today. The head and humidity froze my brain in parts π€―
28.04.2025 14:12
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I just canβtβ¦ from the NYT cooking emailer π€―
Gluten-free is the Kevin Bacon of the food world: Weβre all within six degrees of separation from someone who avoids gluten.
26.04.2025 15:32
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Mumbai Indians IPL flag
Bombay things #cricket
18.04.2025 17:51
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Two photos. The left shows me, in a red shirt with a white blouse under it, a daisy flower crown in my hair, a navy blue knee length skirt, and brown flat, holding a tray and drinking from a champagne flute. The right painting is a woman in a red shirt with white cuffs, a dark green ankle length skirt, a maid cap, brown shoes, holding a tray and drinking from a champagne flute.
Today is the 5 year anniversary to when I slowly started losing my mind during the pandemic and began dressing up as works of art.
As my Twitter account has long been abandoned, why not make a thread of my madness on BlueSky?
This was βThe Maidβ by Wilhelm August Lebrecht Amberg, from 1862
02.04.2025 18:59
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Blue skies
Sunny paths
From my 11km run today #running
10.04.2025 01:43
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Fungi
#Fungi
10.04.2025 01:42
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