Nature Medicine

LLMs show bias in opioid prescribing Testing large language models on acute-pain vignettes reveals biases in opioid recommendations that particularly affect marginalized groups.

⭐Research highlight: Testing #LLMs on acute-pain vignettes reveals biases in opioid recommendations that particularly affect marginalized groups, according to a study in Nature Health
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41591-026-00013-7

In a phase 1 trial with 6 patients, #lipid nanoparticles for #PCSK9 base editing lowered #LDL without serious adverse events or off-target effects. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04254-4

Five-year DEN-03-IB trial shows single Butantan-#Dengue #Vaccine dose is safe and effective against DENV-1 and DENV-2 in ages 2-59. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04255-3

The TREM2 agonistic antibody AL002 in early Alzheimer’s disease: a phase 2 randomized trial - Nature Medicine In this phase 2, randomized trial in early Alzheimer’s disease, the TREM2 agonistic antibody AL002 showed target engagement but did not meet the primary endpoint of change from baseline in Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes score.

In this phase 2, randomized trial in early #Alzheimers disease, the #TREM2 agonistic antibody AL002 showed target engagement but did not meet the primary endpoint of change from baseline in Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes. #microglia #AD
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04273-1

Preventive vaccines for hereditary cancer syndromes - Nature Medicine An ‘off-the-shelf’ neoantigen vaccine shows safety and immunogenicity in individuals with Lynch syndrome, further advancing hopes for preventive vaccines for hereditary cancer syndromes.

An ‘off-the-shelf’ neoantigen #vaccine shows safety and immunogenicity in people with #Lynchsyndrome, advancing hopes for preventive cancer vaccines.
News & Views from Zsofia Stadler, Yonina Murciano-Goroff @ Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04248-2

Preventive vaccines for hereditary cancer syndromes - Nature Medicine An ‘off-the-shelf’ neoantigen vaccine shows safety and immunogenicity in individuals with Lynch syndrome, further advancing hopes for preventive vaccines for hereditary cancer syndromes.

An ‘off-the-shelf’ neoantigen #vaccine shows safety and immunogenicity in people with #Lynchsyndrome, advancing hopes for preventive cancer vaccines.
News & Views from Zsofia Stadler, Yonina Murciano-Goroff @ Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04248-2

Caffeine intake linked to lower risk of dementia Moderate intake of caffeinated coffee or tea was associated with a reduction in dementia risk, according to a large, decades-long cohort study.

⭐Research highlight: Moderate intake of caffeinated #coffee or #tea was associated with a reduction in #dementia risk, according to a large, decades-long cohort study. JAMA
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41591-026-00012-8

As presented at the 2026 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium: A phase 1 trial of a first-in-class small molecule inverse agonist of PPARG in solid tumors shows an acceptable safety profile and preliminary tumor activity in urothelial carcinoma. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04263-3

As presented at the 2026 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium: in the phase 2 INDIBLADE trial, induction therapy with ipilimumab+nivolumab followed by chemoradiotherapy in bladder cancer led to encouraging bladder-intact event free survival outcomes.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04271-3

A tumor-secreted protein alleviates Alzheimer’s disease pathology Researchers show that in mice, tumor-secreted cystatin-C crosses the blood–brain barrier and stimulates microglia to degrade amyloid plaques, which opens interesting avenues for translational clinical studies.

⭐Research highlight: Researchers show that in mice, tumor-secreted cystatin-C crosses the blood–brain barrier and stimulates microglia to degrade #amyloid plaques, which opens interesting avenues for translational clinical studies. Cell Press
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41591-026-00010-w

With a cover inspired by the MexVar database, our February issue includes clinical studies on #genetherapy in #SMA, PD-1 blockade in cancer & HIV, #TB therapies, #malaria control, and much more including reviews, news & opinion
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/32/issues/2

Making antibiotic stewardship guidelines work in real-world settings - Nature Medicine Designing interventions that fit seamlessly into real-world care settings is crucial to curtailing rising antimicrobial resistance in resource-limited settings; a large, pragmatic trial in China shows that this is feasible.

Making #antibiotic stewardship guidelines work in real-world settings: a large, pragmatic trial in China shows that it's feasible. Read the News & Views from Dan Wu & colleagues.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04226-8

A p-tau217 #bloodTest can be used to develop #clocks that can predict when cognitively unimpaired individuals may develop symptoms of #Alzheimers disease. @kellenpetersen.bsky.social
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-026-04206-y

A single intravenous dose of the #psychedelic #DMT, combined with psychological support, produces rapid and lasting reductions in depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder. #MDD #Depression #Psychedelics
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04154-z

Whose ethics govern global health research? Ethical research must not exploit scarcity as an experimental variable.

🌍 Boghuma K. Titanji warns: global health research must not exploit scarcity or deny proven interventions to vulnerable communities. Ethical safeguards must stay strong.

🔗 https://ow.ly/h8xr50YanlQ

#GlobalHealth #MedicalEthics #HealthEquity #NatureMedicine

New Review: The science of #psychedelic medicine.
Joshua Siegel & colleagues integrate mechanistic knowledge with clinical evidence across neuropsychiatric indications — highlighting challenges, controversies, and opportunities.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04194-5

To be safe and effective, medical #AI must adapt to new contexts — differences in users, health systems, geographies, diseases.
Our latest Review proposes strategies and opportunities for context-switching in medical AI. Marinka Zitnik
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04184-7

Babies share microbiomes at nursery A study shows that social interactions in the nursery have a huge impact on babies’ microbiome development and may facilitate rapid strain recovery after antibiotic treatment.

⭐Research highlight: Social interactions in the nursery have a huge impact on babies’ and toddlers' #microbiome development, according to a new paper in Nature
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41591-026-00006-6

New analysis shows no link between autism and paracetamol Using a new approach to control for genetic and environmental confounders, a review and meta-analysis finds no link between paracetamol use during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.

⭐Research highlight: A review and meta-analysis uses a new approach to control for confounders, and finds no link between paracetamol use in pregnancy & neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology, & Women’s Health
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41591-026-00005-7

Base editing enables off-the-shelf CAR T cells for leukemia In patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, base-edited CAR T cells — capable of destroying leukemic T cells while they themselves are protected — induced remission and allowed progression to stem-cell transplantation.

⭐Research highlight: In patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, base-edited CAR T cells — capable of destroying leukemic T cells while themselves being protected — induced remission & allowed progression to stem-cell transplantation.
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41591-026-00004-8

In a phase 3 trial, #HIV-negative Vietnamese adults with #TB meningitis were stratified by LTA4H genotype to assess whether this underlies corticosteroid response. The study found outcomes were not significantly better according to genotype. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04138-z

The Nature Medicine Commission on #dialysis policy in low- and middle-income countries aims to resolve current dialysis policy challenges in Thailand and generate lessons for the global kidney community. Read it here (free):
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04084-w

Long-term follow-up of the FAME 2 trial shows FFR-guided PCI plus medical therapy reduces cardiovascular events vs medical therapy alone.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04132-5

In a prespecified secondary analysis of the SURMOUNT-OSA trial it was found that #tirzepatide improves #cardiometabolic outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and #obesity.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04071-1

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of multiple myeloma samples shows mechanisms of antigen escape from the GPRC5D T cell engager talquetamab, including biallelic deletions, SNVs, insertions-deletions, and chromatin silencing https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04175-8

⚡Our January issue is live! Including the first Nature Medicine Commission Report (introduced in our Editorial), new research on #infertility, #huntingtonsdisease, #cancer #cachexia, #HIV, #genetherapy, #microbiome therapy, News & Opinion and much more
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/32/issues/1

Placebo effect influences vaccine responses - Nature Medicine A randomized trial provides direct human evidence that the placebo effect can shape humoral immunity, showing that reward-related brain activity correlates with vaccine-induced antibody production and opening new avenues for treating many medical conditions.

A new trial provides direct human evidence that the #placeboeffect can shape humoral #immunity and vaccine responses, opening new avenues for biomedical research. News & Views from Jonathan Kipnis & colleagues
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04168-7

Understanding the link between atrial fibrillation and cognitive decline - Nature Medicine A phase 3 trial shows no impact of the anticoagulant rivaroxaban on the risk of cognitive decline in individuals with atrial fibrillation and low thromboembolic risk — highlighting the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms that link these conditions.

Following the negative phase 3 BRAIN-AF trial with anticoagulant rivaroxaban, Marco Proietti MD PhD and Giulio Francesco Romiti argue that we need to better understand the mechanisms linking #atrialfibrillation and #dementia. Read the News & Views:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04127-2

Housing modifications for heat adaptation - Nature Medicine A randomized controlled trial illustrates the challenges of passive cooling in hot humid Africa, where temperatures are rising and millions of new housing units will be needed by the middle of the century.

A randomized trial illustrates the challenges of passive cooling in Africa, where temperatures are rising and millions of new housing units will be needed by the middle of the century. Read the News & Views from Lorenz von Seidlein & colleagues
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04155-y

In a phase 3 trial, #HIV-negative Vietnamese adults with #TB meningitis were stratified by LTA4H genotype to assess whether this underlies corticosteroid response. The study found outcomes were not significantly better according to genotype. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04138-z