JAMA Network Open

Table 1. Comparison of Hypertension Knowledge Among Health Workers (N=236). Nurses and CHEWS: 102 (43.2%), pretest 6.5 (5.5-7.5), posttest 7.0 (6.0-8.0), difference 0.8 (0.3-1.2). Pharmacists: 95 (40.3%), pretest 4.0 (3.0-5.5), posttest 7.5 (6.3-8.0), difference 3.5 (3.0-4.0). Physicians: 39 (16.5%), pretest 6.5 (5.0-8.0), posttest 9.0 (8.0-9.0), difference 2.2 (1.5-3.0).

Short-term structured training on #Hypertension management in Nigeria improved guideline knowledge and acceptability among primary care health workers, supporting scalable workforce development.

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Table 1 shows estimates from a mother fixed-effects model of ages & stages questionnaires, Third Edition, domain scores by birth order among 2117 sibling dyads. The table compares firstborns and second-borns at ages 6 and 12 months across domains.

Second-born infants showed slightly lower neurodevelopmental scores and less parental engagement than firstborns in the first year of life, with some differences narrowing by 12 months of age.

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Bar graph showing perceived barriers by component. Y-axis shows the "No. of perceived barriers" from 0 to 25. X-axis displays components like 1b, 1d, 2a, 2b, 2c, 6c, 6d, 7a, 7b, 7g, 7h, 10, 12, 13, 19a.

A consensus panel identified 43 components as valid and feasible for surgical #SharedDecisionMaking with older adults, but time, knowledge, and cultural barriers challenge widespread implementation.

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Two graphs display survival probabilities over time, stratified by BRS. Graph A shows the ACIS cohort, while graph B shows the ELM-PC-5 cohort. Each graph plots four BRS groups, 0 to 3, with decreasing survival probability as BRS increases. Text@1 shows statistical significance.

The Bellmunt Risk Score stratified #ProstateCancer survival and progression risk in patients with metastatic castration-resistant disease, supporting its utility for baseline prognostication in clinical care.

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The image shows three graphs labeled A, B, and C, titled 'WCMC in-site', 'LMH validation', and 'BMH validation'. Each graph plots 'Sensitivity' vs. '1 - Specificity', comparing 'XGBoost', 'Without blood test', 'Only BP', 'Without BP', 'RF', and 'LR' models with AUC values.

Dynamic, short-term prediction of #Preeclampsia in late gestation using routinely collected #EHR data was feasible and demonstrated strong performance and generalizability in a multisite cohort study.

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Line graph showing 'Daily No. of OHCA cases, median (IQR)' vs 'Time following holidays, d'. The number of cases drops from nearly 88 on day 1 to 80 on day 2, remaining stable at 80 for days 3, 4, and 5.

A postholiday weekday in South Korea was associated with a 9% higher incidence of out-of-hospital #CardiacArrest vs other weekdays, especially after consecutive holidays and in older adults.

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Four graphs show responses to healthcare questions across ideological groups. Graph A, "We vs you", plots opinions on health matters. Graph B, "Start vs stop", focuses on improving healthcare. Graph C, "Support vs oppose", and D, "Increasing vs decreasing."

Terms like accessible health care and population health received broadly non-negative reactions across political ideologies, and collective, affirming framing was preferred for #HealthEquity messaging.

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Two graphs compare MMSE scores over age (55-80). Graph A, "Cross-sectional analysis," shows carrier/noncarrier MMSE trends. Graph B, "5 y Longitudinal analysis," tracks MMSE changes over 5-year intervals for both groups, revealing score fluctuations.

Among adults aged ≥55 years in Taiwan, #APOEε4 carriers—especially homozygotes—exhibited accelerated #CognitiveDecline after age 70, while a non-APOE polygenic risk score was not associated with decline.

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Table showing Liver Function Test Utilization at and After CDK4/6 Inhibitor Initiation. Palbociclib: 8192 patients, 3844 (46.9%) within 2 weeks prior, 996 (12.2%) at initiation, 6585 (80.4%) after. Similar data is shown for Abemaciclib and Ribociclib.

Among patients initiating CDK4/6 inhibitors for HR-positive, ERBB2-negative #BreastCancer, most received liver function tests during treatment, but less than half had testing before initiation as recommended by FDA package insert.

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The image shows 2 US maps and a graph comparing primary care spending. Map A displays unadjusted spending, with blues indicating higher costs. Map B shows demographic/price-adjusted spending, using greens. Graph C compares unadjusted (blue), demographic/price-adjusted (orange) data.

Primary care spending among commercially insured populations varied substantially by geography, with differences driven mainly by service prices rather than population demographics.

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A bar graph shows frequency percentages related to concepts. 'Performance' is highest at about 26%, followed by 'Clinician presence' at 23%, 'Data quality' at 13%, 'FDA' at 12%, 'Mayo Clinic' at 9%, and others at lower percentages.

Patient trust and willingness to use medical #AI were most influenced by AI performance, clinician presence, FDA approval, and representative training data.

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Four graphs compare telemedicine use (lowest, low to middle, middle to high, highest) from 2018-2023 among patients in mental health shortage areas, rural areas, different states, and those residing over 20 miles from their office.

High telemedicine adoption among mental health specialists was associated with only small increases in visits to patients in rural or low-access communities, suggesting limited impact on geographic disparities in Medicare mental health care.

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Four graphs compare Maryland and control states from 2011-2019. Graph A shows log total episode payments; B shows log total episode hospital payments; C shows log total episode professional payments; D shows timely receipt of chemotherapy, %. Maryland is orange, Control states dark teal.

Maryland's Global Budget Revenue model was associated with reduced Medicare payments and fewer chemotherapy-related hospitalizations for patients receiving systemic therapy for #Cancer, with no change in care quality. ja.ma/4cwUmRV

Bar graph displays risk of health care use with/without PCP. Categories: Any hospitalization(patient-level & IV model), Any ED visit(patient-level & IV model), Nonhospital ED visit(patient-level & IV model). P values are included above the bars.

Primary care physician involvement for patients receiving dialysis with end-stage kidney disease was associated with lower emergency department utilization, but not with reduced hospitalizations.

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JAMA Network Open graphic shows study details: RCT: Genetic Testing for APOL1 in Adults With Hypertension. Population: 354 men, 600 women. Intervention: 6754 patients randomized. Findings show blood pressure results over time.

Immediate return of APOL1 high-risk genotype results for adults with #Hypertension and African ancestry did not reduce systolic blood pressure at 3 months, but increased CKD screening and diagnoses.

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JAMA Network Open's "Inequities in Medical Debt and Its Contributing Health Care Services in New York City" by Judy Fordjuoh, Rachel Schwartz, Duncan Maru, et al. Published March 4, 2026. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.0608

Medical debt >$500 was reported by 13.2% of New York City adults, and debt was most frequently associated with physician visits, procedures, and hospitalization. ja.ma/4lbdVBE

A line graph shows annual pediatric nicotine exposure from 2016-2023. Ingestion declined from nearly 100% to 60%. Inhalation/nasal exposure rose from 0% to 40%. Other/unknown exposure remained steady around 5%.

From 2016 to 2023, pediatric exposures to e-cigarettes increased and those to traditional tobacco decreased, with ingestion as the main route. Inhalation exposures are rising, mostly involving e-cigarettes and liquid nicotine. ja.ma/3OZNDGi

JAMA Network Open article titled "Pediatrics Specialty Choice Among Matriculants of MD-Granting US Medical Schools" by Amy Pineda@1, Robert J. Vinci@2, and Adam Turner@3, published online March 4, 2026.

Odds of pediatrics specialty choice were higher for students with early interest, positive clerkship experiences, and patient care plans, but declined among recent matriculants and those pursuing research. ja.ma/4uaSfJI

A correlation matrix showing the relationship between loneliness, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Values range from 0.31b to 0.82b, with 1 indicating a perfect correlation.

#Loneliness partially mediated the associations of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms with suicidal ideation in a large US cohort, highlighting a potential treatment target for suicide prevention. ja.ma/47puHXP

Four violin plots compare 'VUH' and 'RHS' internal/external validation using 'VSAIL,' 'Psychosocial factors,' and their combination. Graphs A and B show AUROC, while C and D show AUPRC across data modalities. Trends vary between internal and external validations.

Among ED patients with suicidal ideation, augmenting clinical data-based risk models with note-extracted psychosocial factors, including chronic stress, improved prediction of suicide attempts; chronic stress was the strongest predictor. ja.ma/4r9HYL6

The image shows 5 graphs. Graphs A & B show individual tau-PET trajectories for males and females. C & D show estimated tau-PET trajectories for males and females. Graph E shows annualized tau accumulation rates across different groups.

In the #Alzheimer disease continuum, women with positive cerebrospinal fluid a-synuclein results showed significantly faster tau accumulation than all other groups, supporting sex-specific biomarker interpretation and trial stratification. ja.ma/4uaz6ry

Line graph displays rates per 100,000 from 2002-2023. 'IP nonfusion' (orange circles) declines sharply. 'IP fusion' (blue squares) initially increases, then stabilizes. 'OP nonfusion' (orange diamonds) and 'OP fusion' (blue triangles) remain low.

Adjusted hospital costs for lumbar fusion increased 265.3% from 2002 to 2023, with greater use of multilevel and anterior-posterior combined approaches and a shift toward outpatient procedures. ja.ma/4b1fIEv

Two bar graphs compare kidney numbers and median sequence refusal codes from 2020-2024. Graph A shows rising kidney numbers, especially in the 'Both' and 'Unilateral' categories. Graph B displays a decreasing trend in median sequence numbers.

Unilateral out-of-sequence kidney transplants increased sharply, and recipient or logistic factors─rather than organ quality─appear linked to allocation decision; patient and graft outcomes were similar to in-sequence transplants. ja.ma/3MJEIbz

Diagram outlining steps for successful HBOT implementation. The diagram includes the following steps: Champion supports, Champion characteristics, Champion actions, and Successful HBOT implementation.

Champions without addiction medicine expertise but with systems change skills, leadership backing, and protected time successfully expanded hospital-based opioid care for patients with opioid use disorder.

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Two horizontal bar graphs display 'Energy contribution, %'. Graph A shows NOVA classifications: MPF at nearly 40%, UPF at almost 50%. Graph B shows UPF subgroups: 'Sweets and desserts' are the highest, followed by 'Breads and cereals'.

Higher intake of ultraprocessed foods at age 3 years was associated with more adverse behavioral and emotional symptoms by age 5 years, while replacing ultraprocessed with minimally processed foods was associated with better outcomes.

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Four graphs display motor domain data vs age. A & B show 'Prepregnancy' gross/fine motor skills; C & D show 'Midpregnancy' gross/fine motor skills. Each plots 'AL1 vs AL0' and 'AL2 vs AL0' with error bars, showing variance over age from 6 months to 3 years.

Maternal physical activity before and during pregnancy was associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes—especially motor function—in offspring through the first year of life, in a large cohort study.

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Two graphs display survival probability vs. time. Graph A shows 'All El strata' with lines for 'Discordantly pessimistic (<.05),' 'Concordant (0.5 to <1.5),' and 'Discordantly optimistic (≥1.5).' Graph B shows 'Binary El cutoffs,' with lines for 'Discordantly pessimistic or concordant (<1.5)' and 'Discordantly optimistic (≥1.5)'.

In patients with chronic heart failure, 33% overestimated their life expectancy by >50% compared with model estimates, suggesting that improving patient understanding of prognosis may enhance shared decision-making.

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Table 3. TVIC Alignment. Outlines principles like recognizing trauma's impacts, prioritizing safety, fostering collaboration, and capacity development. It contrasts TVIC-aligned findings, such as showing empathy, with TVIC-misaligned practices, like chaotic environments.

Alignment with trauma- and violence-informed care for survivors of intimate partner violence in emergency departments was facilitated by empathetic, collaborative approaches, while lack of privacy and language barriers hindered delivery.

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Six graphs show the risk/rate of antibiotic prescriptions. Graphs A, C, and E are bar graphs showing rates per 10 person-days. Graphs B, D, and F are forest plots showing risk as RR (95% CI), favoring or not favoring prescription.

Implementing #RSV antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) in #pediatric primary care was associated with a reduction in unnecessary antibiotic use in children age 9-36 months with suspected viral lower respiratory tract infections.

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JAMA Network Open graphic about drying preterm infants before plastic wrapping at birth. It includes population (174 males, 180 females), intervention (354 infants randomized), findings, settings/locations (21 tertiary hospitals in Italy).

RCT: Drying before plastic wrapping did not increase normothermia at #neonatal intensive care unit admission for very #preterm infants, and mortality was not different compared with immediate wrapping without drying.

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