JAMA Neurology

Kaplan-Meier curve showing time to treatment discontinuation by treatment group. The y-axis displays 'Participants receiving study medication, %,' and the x-axis represents 'Time, y'. Placebo and Lithium curves are plotted with P = text@1.

Among older adults with mild cognitive impairment, low-dose lithium did not significantly delay cognitive decline or affect neuroimaging and plasma biomarker outcomes over 2 years. Treatment was safe and well tolerated.

ja.ma/4bcsosg

JAMA Neurology details a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on stroke prevention using catheter ablation and oral anticoagulation. The study, involving 249 patients across 45 Japanese sites, found no significant difference. Standard therapy: 4.9%, Ablation group: 5.6%.

In patients with atrial fibrillation and recent stroke, adding catheter ablation to oral anticoagulation did not significantly reduce recurrent stroke, systemic embolism, death, or hospitalization for heart failure compared to standard therapy.

ja.ma/4l3zbZU

Kaplan-Meier curve shows time to treatment discontinuation by treatment group. The y-axis represents participants receiving study medication (%), and the x-axis shows time (y). Placebo and Lithium groups are compared with P=.79.

Among older adults with mild cognitive impairment, low-dose lithium did not significantly delay cognitive decline or affect neuroimaging and plasma biomarker outcomes over 2 years. Treatment was safe and well tolerated.

ja.ma/4u4F790

JAMA Neurology study: RCT: Catheter Ablation and Oral Anticoagulation for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Population: 187 men, 62 women; adults with atrial fibrillation, Intervention: 249 patients; 124 standard therapy, 125 ablation.

In patients with atrial fibrillation and recent stroke, adding catheter ablation to oral anticoagulation did not significantly reduce recurrent stroke, systemic embolism, death, or hospitalization for heart failure compared to standard therapy.

ja.ma/4rGjZo8

Kaplan-Meier curve shows time to treatment discontinuation. The y-axis displays 'Participants receiving study medication, %,' ranging from 0 to 100. Two lines represent Placebo and Lithium. Number at risk is shown for both Placebo and Lithium.

Among older adults with mild cognitive impairment, low-dose lithium did not significantly delay cognitive decline or affect neuroimaging and plasma biomarker outcomes over 2 years. Treatment was safe and well tolerated.

ja.ma/4cPZUXM

Figure 1. Forest Plots showing associations of dietary pattern scores with cognitive decline. Graphs compare AHEI-2010, DASH score, hPDI, PHDI, rEDIP, rEDIH across global SCD, memory, executive function, attention and orientation. Includes RR(95% CI) values.

Greater adherence to the #DASH diet, plant-based dietary patterns, or diets with lower hyperinsulinemia and inflammation was associated with lower risk of subjective cognitive decline and better cognitive function in adults.

ja.ma/4rGsUpo

Figure 2 shows bar graphs and dot plots of sex and amyloid group differences. Graph A shows the distribution of AD Braak stages, and Graph B shows model-predicted probabilities for each Braak stage. Both compare male/female with low/high amyloid beta.

Female sex, APOE ε4 allele, race, and African ancestry were jointly associated with amyloid pathology severity, supporting the need for sex- and ancestry-informed approaches in #AlzheimerDisease biomarker thresholds and clinical trial design.

ja.ma/4aRiMDa

Figure 1. Forest plots show dietary patterns and cognitive decline. Plot A: Diets and global SCD. Plot B: Combination of diets and global SCD. Plots C-F: Memory, Executive function, Attention, and Orientation with AHEI-2010, DASH score, hPDI, PHDI, rEDIP, rEDIH.

Greater adherence to the #DASH diet, plant-based dietary patterns, or diets with lower hyperinsulinemia and inflammation was associated with lower risk of subjective cognitive decline and better cognitive function in adults.

ja.ma/4ceQ0yR

JAMA Neurology viewpoint: "Preventive Neurology Isn't a Pill; It's a Plan" by Kevin N. Sheth, MD@1; E. Ray Dorsey, MD@2; Michael S. Okun, MD@3,4. Published online November 17, 2025. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.4445

💬 Viewpoint: Routine brain health screening, interdisciplinary teams, and policy reforms addressing neurotoxic exposures may shift neurology toward primary prevention—reducing disease burden across populations.

bit.ly/4qrP6SZ

Figure 2, "Bar Graph and Dot Plot of Sex and Amyloid Group Differences According to the Braak Stages of Neurofibrillary Tangles." Graph A shows distribution of AD Braak stages. Graph B shows model-predicted probabilities for each Braak stage.

Female sex, APOE ε4 allele, race, and African ancestry were jointly associated with amyloid pathology severity, supporting the need for sex- and ancestry-informed approaches in #AlzheimerDisease biomarker thresholds and clinical trial design.

ja.ma/4aGH42B

An article titled '2024 Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis—A Unified Approach' by Karlo Toljan, Jiwon Oh, and Daniel Ontaneda in JAMA Neurology, published online November 10, 2025, doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.4243.

💬 Viewpoint: The updated 2024 McDonald criteria enable MS diagnosis in asymptomatic individuals by incorporating imaging and CSF biomarkers, such as CVS and κ-FLC index, while promoting a single standardized framework.

bit.ly/4aCy4N4

Figure 1. Scatterplots showing sex x amyloid interaction with phosphorylated Tau 217 level. Includes plots for A4/LEARN studies@1, WRAP@2, HABS@3, ADNI@4, PREVENT-AD study@5. Each plot displays data points for men and women, showing the relationship between variables.

In preclinical #AlzheimerDisease, women exhibited higher plasma phosphorylated tau 217 at greater amyloid-β burden and faster tau accumulation and cognitive decline compared with men.

ja.ma/4rNfHeR

Figure shows cumulative incidence of first clinical relapse in primary central nervous system vasculitis. X axis represents time since first attack, y. Y axis shows Cumulative incidence of relapse. The number at risk decreases over time.

Early relapse is common in #PCNSV, with normal cerebrospinal fluid associated with increased recurrence, suggesting current monitoring and treatment strategies may need adjustment.

bit.ly/4rvu5HK

Kaplan-Meier curves showing time to onset of confirmed disability progression (CDP) and confirmed disability improvement (CDI) for 24 or more weeks. The graph contains data for TER-UBL and UBL-UBL groups.

Five years of ublituximab treatment in #MultipleSclerosis demonstrated sustained reduction in relapse rates and confirmed disability progression, with safety profile consistent over time.

ja.ma/4cFOp59

Two bar graphs depict healthcare costs from 2002-2021. Graph A shows "Out-of-pocket costs" divided into "Hospitalization," "Non-DMT prescription," "Outpatient," and "DMT." Graph B shows "Total health care costs."

Rising costs for #MultipleSclerosis care are largely attributed to disease-modifying therapies, increasing patient financial burden over time. bit.ly/4agjppy

Axial T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pelvic Girdle and Thigh Muscles, showing two images labeled as 'A Pelvic girdle' and 'B Thigh muscles'. Yellow and white arrows indicate specific areas in each image.

Case report: a patient with X-linked FHL1-related myofibrillar myopathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, a dual pathology revealed by imaging and genetic testing. bit.ly/4bETt9z

Figure 2. shows myelographic evidence of Transosseous Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)-Venous Fistula. A: CVF at initial needle position with black arrows. B: Delayed CT image showing resolution of fistula.

In patients with post-dural puncture headache who do not respond to conventional treatment, iatrogenic CSF-venous fistula should be considered as it may necessitate different treatment. bit.ly/45X5pzM

Scatterplots showing sex x amyloid interaction with phosphorylated Tau 217 levels. Five scatterplots labeled A-E display data from studies A4/LEARN@1, WRAP@2, HABS@3, ADNI@4, and PREVENT-AD study@5, comparing amyloid levels vs p-Tau217 for men and women.

In preclinical #AlzheimerDisease, women exhibited higher plasma phosphorylated tau 217 at greater amyloid-β burden and faster tau accumulation and cognitive decline compared with men.

ja.ma/3MommfX

JAMA Neurology review "Barriers and Consequences of Prior Authorization for Neurologic Medications A Scoping Review" by Evelyn Gotlieb, MD@1, Bamby Joseph@2, Leah Blank, et al. Published December 8, 2025. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.4560

Clinicians and administrators encounter significant time burden and burnout due to prior authorization for neurologic medications. Specialty pharmacy integration may help reduce barriers. bit.ly/3M1CmV4

Kaplan-Meier curves showing time to onset of confirmed disability progression (CDP) and confirmed disability improvement (CDI) for 24 or more weeks. The graph contains data for TER-UBL and UBL-UBL groups.

Five years of ublituximab treatment in #MultipleSclerosis demonstrated sustained reduction in relapse rates and confirmed disability progression, with safety profile consistent over time.

ja.ma/4rRLASQ

Map showing epilepsy incidence among Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older across US MaxCounties. The map is divided into West, Midwest, Northeast and South. Incidence varies from 141-292 to 539-1476 per 100000 people.

#Epilepsy incidence among US #Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older varied tenfold across regions and was associated with insufficient sleep, lack of vehicle access, heat index, physical inactivity, and uninsured rate. bit.ly/4tqnfFn

Figure 3: Bar graphs showing changes in outcome assessments. Graph A shows change in GOSE score from 1 to 6 months. Graph B shows change in GOSE score from 6 to 24 months. Graph C shows change in MoCA-30 score from 6 to 24 months. Graph D shows change in SDMT score from 6 to 24 months.

Following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, targeted hypothermia did not affect societal participation or cognitive function at 24 months compared with normothermia; most recovery occurred within 6 months.

ja.ma/4qHv4Uy

JAMA Neurology graphic shows RCT: Effects of Oveporexton on Narcolepsy Type 1. Study of 54 men, 58 women, adults (18-70 y), mean age 34.0 y. It was found that oral oveporexton improved attention, memory, and executive function.

Oveporexton produced significant improvements in sustained attention, memory, and executive function among adults with #NarcolepsyType1. bit.ly/4qnT7HQ

Figure 1 displays adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and probabilities for seizure response at 6 months. Graph A shows ORs comparing antiseizure meds; graph B shows model-adjusted probabilities for each medication: Cenobamate, Lacosamide, Perampanel, Brivaracetam.

In adults with drug-resistant #FocalEpilepsy, cenobamate was associated with greater seizure reduction and seizure freedom vs brivaracetam, lacosamide, and perampanel, but with more adverse effects.

ja.ma/3ZE7zAN

Line graph titled 'Incident dementia' shows hazard ratio (95% CI) vs. caffeinated coffee intake (c/d). The curve slopes down initially, then flattens. P<.001 for nonlinearity. Intake, c/d values range from 0 to >5, with case numbers and person-years listed.

From @jama.com: Moderate consumption of caffeinated coffee or tea was linked to reduced #dementia risk and modest improvements in cognitive outcomes; no benefit was seen for decaffeinated coffee in an observational study of US adults.

ja.ma/4tA8C2b

Magnetic Resonance Images of the Segmented Putamen, Accumbens, and Pallidum in a Trial Participant, showcasing different brain scans with highlighted regions in yellow, blue and orange, indicating specific brain structures.

Among patients with #Preeclampsia, postpartum blood pressure self-management was linked to larger putamen, accumbens and pallidum volumes vs usual care.

bit.ly/46xOV15

JAMA Neurology editorial: A Test of the Alzheimer Disease Framework—Did It Pass? By Ronald C. Petersen, PhD, MD@1, Henrik Zetterberg, MD, PhD@2. Published online December 15, 2025. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.4966

💬 Editorial: Plasma tau biomarkers such as p-tau217 are robust predictors of #AlzheimerDisease pathology, but their use as interchangeable substitutes for tau PET imaging may be limited, especially for disease stage and anti-amyloid treatment.

bit.ly/4qZWC8F

The image contains four graphs related to mismatch models for Penn Antiamyloid Therapy Monitoring (ATM). Graph A shows measured vs predicted CDR-SB score with a trend line. B shows time from tau positivity relative to plasma p-tau217. C predicts change in CDR-SB score over time, D displays expected change in CDR-SB score over 18 months of treatment; Resilient, Canonical and Vulnerable groups are compared.

Individuals with #AlzheimerDisease showing greater clinical impairment than predicted by tau burden are more likely to have copathology, including #TDP43 and #AlphaSynuclein, and experience faster decline.

bit.ly/3ZVKB8a

JAMA Neurology editorial: Tofersen, SOD1, and the Treatability of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. By Lauren Elman@1, James Wymer@2, Catherine Lomen-Hoerth@3. Published online December 22, 2025. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.4927

💬 Editorial: Tofersen slowed functional decline and reduced risk of death for patients with SOD1-related #ALS, especially with early treatment, and showed durable biomarker improvements over 148 weeks.

bit.ly/3ZVKyJw

Figure 1. Change in Outcomes From Baseline to Week 148, showing four graphs labeled A-D. Each graph shows data for "Placebo/delayed-start tofersen (n = 36)" and "Early-start tofersen (n = 72)" over time.

Earlier initiation of tofersen slowed clinical decline, sustained biomarker improvement, and extended survival for SOD1-related #ALS, with no new long-term safety concerns. bit.ly/3MslerA