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Lance Fortnow

@lance.fortnow.com

Complexity Theorist

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Latest posts by Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com

Paper Pet Peeves Little things that annoy me in research papers. Declarative first sentences of the introduction, like "Analyzing Left-Handed 12-SAT is a ke...

There is nothing wrong with "et al." especially after you mentioned the authors in full the first time. This is one my pet peeves blog.computationalco...

What's next, a page limit more than the number of atoms in the known universe?
2/2

06.03.2026 20:42 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Ugh. The FOCS CFP suggests using citations as nouns: Authors are asked to avoid "et al." in citations in favor of an equal mention of all authors' surnames. If the number of authors is large, consider writing "\cite{XYZ} show..." instead of "X et al. show".
1/2

06.03.2026 20:42 πŸ‘ 6 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 1
The Purpose of Proofs In discussions of AI and Mathematics, the discussion often goes to mathematical proofs, such as the theΒ  First Proof Β challenge. So let's lo...

Is a proof just a logical argument, or is it more (or less)?

04.03.2026 18:47 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Wow. Donald Knuth on Ai for math: www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/paper...

03.03.2026 23:50 πŸ‘ 93 πŸ” 23 πŸ’¬ 6 πŸ“Œ 2
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Overleaf, Online LaTeX Editor An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. No installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more.

Today I learned that Savitch's theorem in the very first STOC is only a two-page paper. I had Claude convert it up in LaTeX, now three-pages.

03.03.2026 22:49 πŸ‘ 7 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Goodhart's law: Ken Jennings and Types of Knowledge Goodhart's law :Β  When a measure becomes a target, it stops being a measure.Β  Β  I was watching the show Masterminds where Ken Jennings is on...

Bill tackles the big question: How does Ken Jennings know so much?

02.03.2026 21:57 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Just because I'm in Oxford doesn't mean that I have to use its comma.

27.02.2026 22:47 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

My short interview with Leah Hoffman for CACM
cacm.acm.org/opinion...

26.02.2026 17:23 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

This is not an excuse, Gemini: "As an AI, I sometimes cross my wires, and in this case, I incorrectly attributed their result to a nonexistent 1999 paper of yours."

25.02.2026 21:47 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
A Probability Challenge Last week I had the pleasure of meeting Alex Bellos in Oxford. Among other things Bellos writes the Guardian Monday puzzle column . He gave ...

Puzzle me this (via Alex Bellos): Suppose the probability of a girl is 51% independently and uniformly over all children. In expectation, who has more sisters, a boy or a girl?

25.02.2026 13:02 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Oxford is one of the universities with a much nicer humanities building than computer science.

24.02.2026 14:01 πŸ‘ 5 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

It seems ironic that Scientific American, the publication that declared "The Death of Proof" in 1993, now has at least three articles on the "First Proof" challenge.

24.02.2026 13:10 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
ChatGPT gets an easy math problem wrong (I got it right). How is that possible? A commenter onΒ  this post Β asked for me (or anyone) to solve the problem without AI: A,B,C,D,E are digits (the poster said A could be 0 but ...

Bill's asks ChatGPT to solve a math puzzle and only got partial answers. But he used the free model and waited three months to post the results.

23.02.2026 13:08 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Proof 2:
Pick k pairs of elements of A (possible since k<=n/2). There are 2^k ways to choose one element from each pair.

A similar proof shows that if k <= n/a then (n choose k) >= a^k.
2/2

23.02.2026 09:23 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Proof 1: Let A be a set of size n.

Proof 1:
Let B be a subset of A of size k. Note A-B has at least k elements. For any subset C of B you can choose C and k-|C| elements from A-B, and there are 2^k possibilities for C.
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23.02.2026 09:23 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Joe Halpern (1953-2025) Computer Science Professor Joseph Halpern passed away on Friday after a long battle with cancer. He was a leader in the mathematical reason...

My blog post obituary for Joe Halpern.

18.02.2026 13:08 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

A cute not too hard problem: If k <= n/2 give a fully combinatorial proof that (n choose k) >= 2^k.

There's more than one way to do this.

16.02.2026 21:20 πŸ‘ 5 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0
Assigning Open Problems in Class I sometimes assign open problems as extra credit problems. Some thoughts: 1) Do you tell the students the problems are open? YES- it would b...

Bill asks open problems as extra credit on class.

blog.computationalco...

Why not go all the way? Just hide an open problem in the regular problems and see what happens.

16.02.2026 14:07 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Joe Halpern passed away Friday at the age of 72. He was a leader in mathematically reasoning about knowledge.

www.linkedin.com/pos...

16.02.2026 07:34 πŸ‘ 8 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
STOC 2026 - 58th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing

The list of accepted papers at #STOC2026 is out:
acm-stoc.org/stoc2026/acc...

Congratulations to all authors!

13.02.2026 01:27 πŸ‘ 27 πŸ” 9 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
The Future of Mathematics and Mathematicians A reader worried about the future. I am writing this email as a young aspiring researcher/scientist. We live in a period of uncertainty and ...

A young aspiring mathematicians asks about the future of math with all the AI advances. My advice: Embrace research but be ready to pivot as needed. We many be seeing a new age in mathematics, how could you not be part of it.

12.02.2026 16:26 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Mathematiker finden grâßte bislang bekannte Primzahl Manaus (dpo) - Brasilianische Mathematiker haben im Amazonasbecken rund 180 Kilometer nârdlich von Manaus die bislang grâßte bekannte Primzahl entdeck

Mathematicians find largest prime number to date

www.der-postillon.co...

HT: Marco LΓΌbbecke

10.02.2026 18:01 πŸ‘ 7 πŸ” 3 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0
I used to think historians in the future will have too much to work with. I could be wrong Β (I thought I had already posted this but the blogger system we use says I didn't. Apologies if I did. Most likely is that I posted somethin...

Bill on the future historians access to our times. I'm more interested in how they will judge us, assuming there is a future with historians.

09.02.2026 15:03 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

The new SIGACT Luca Trevisan Award for Expository Work promotes and recognizes high-impact work expositing ideas and results from the theory of computation. Nomination deadline is April 10th.

sigact.org/prizes/tr...

05.02.2026 13:54 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Accelerating Scientific Research with Gemini: Case Studies and... Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have opened new avenues for accelerating scientific research. While models are increasingly capable of assisting with routine tasks, their ability...

Google put out an article on accelerating research with Gemini. I'm one of the 34 authors for my adventures in vibe-coding a research paper.

04.02.2026 20:47 πŸ‘ 9 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Sampling the Oxford CS Library Wandering around maze known as the Computer Science building at Oxford I found the computer science library. Rarely these days do you see a ...

Here's the correct link: blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2026/02/samp...

04.02.2026 17:43 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Blogger Weblog publishing tool from Google, for sharing text, photos and video.

One of the humanities fellows at Oxford called a "computer science library" an oxymoron. Yet, the university has one and a visit helped bring new life to an old paper.

04.02.2026 15:18 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Thomas Watson has a new computational complexity textbook about to be published by Cambridge University Press. There's a free version online for personal use.

complexityincs.com

03.02.2026 16:09 πŸ‘ 28 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 2
Before the ChatGPT-HW debate there were other ``If students use X to do their HW'' debates Lance and I had a blog-debate aboutΒ  What to do about students using ChatGPT to do their Homework . Some commenters pointed out that we've b...

Bill talks about how technology leads to fears of less learning throughout history.

02.02.2026 15:10 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Large-language models have gotten very good at academic literature search, but it often requires two prompts where the second prompt is "You made up those references. Try again."

30.01.2026 22:10 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0