SIM-Enabled Hybrid Digital-Wave Beamforming for Fronthaul-Constrained Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems As the dense deployment of access points (APs) in cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems presents significant challenges, per-AP coverage can be expanded using large-scale...

📡 Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces enable wave-domain beamforming for cell-free massive MIMO—matching fully-digital performance with just 2 RF chains instead of 16, while cutting complexity by 90%+.

ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/112...

#6G #MIMO #StackedIntelligentMetasurfaces #SIM